The binding of 125I-labelled transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) to human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) was studied by native PAGE and autoradiography. TGF-beta 1 bound preferentially to alpha 2M-methylamine and minimally, if at all, to native alpha 2M. Preparations of alpha 2M-proteinase complex were generated by incubating a standard concentration of alpha 2M (0.4 microM) with different concentrations of trypsin, chymotrypsin or neutrophil elastase (0.04-2.0 microM). The 125I-TGF-beta 1-binding activity depended on the initial ratio of active proteinase to alpha 2M, or r value, used to form the alpha 2M-proteinase complex. With all three proteinases, r values of 2 or greater yielded preparations with unchanged or decreased TGF-beta 1-binding activity relative to native alpha 2M. By contrast, r values near 1 yielded preparations with significantly increased TGF-beta 1-binding activity. The results of [3H]thymidine-incorporation studies performed in mouse keratinocytes were consistent with the 125I-TGF-beta-binding experiments. alpha 2M-trypsin and alpha 2M-chymotrypsin prepared at an r value of 1.0 counteracted the activity of TGF-beta 1, whereas the equivalent complexes prepared at an r value of 3.0 had no effect. As determined by SDS/PAGE, 125I-TGF-beta 1 binding to alpha 2M-methylamine was at least 80% non-covalent. Reaction of alpha 2M-methylamine with iodoacetamide or 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) decreased the percentage of covalent binding but had no effect on total binding. Neuraminidase treatment had no effect on the binding of 125I-TGF-beta 1 to alpha 2M-methylamine. Cleavage of the ‘bait regions’ in alpha 2M-methylamine by prolonged treatment with trypsin also had no effect. These studies suggest that TGF-beta 1 binding to alpha 2M is enhanced by conformational change in the proteinase inhibitor resulting from reaction with proteinase or amine. If both proteinase-binding sites in a single alpha 2M molecule are occupied, TGF-beta 1-binding activity is decreased or perhaps eliminated.
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January 1992
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Research Article|
January 15 1992
Binding of transforming growth factor-β1 to methylamine-modified α2-macroglobulin and to binary and ternary α2-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes
S W Hall;
S W Hall
*Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A.
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J LaMarre;
J LaMarre
†Department of Department of Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont. N1G 2W1, Canada
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L B Marshall;
L B Marshall
*Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A.
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M A Hayes;
M A Hayes
†Department of Department of Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont. N1G 2W1, Canada
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S L Gonias
S L Gonias
*Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A.
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Biochem J (1992) 281 (2): 569–575.
Citation
S W Hall, J LaMarre, L B Marshall, M A Hayes, S L Gonias; Binding of transforming growth factor-β1 to methylamine-modified α2-macroglobulin and to binary and ternary α2-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes. Biochem J 15 January 1992; 281 (2): 569–575. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2810569
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