Expression and processing of vertebrate acetylcholinesterase in the yeast Pichia pastoris

In the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, we expressed the rat acetylcholinesterase H and T subunits (AChE_H and AChE_T respectively), as well as truncated subunits from rat (W553stop or AChE_TΔ, from which most of the T-peptide was removed) and from Bungarus (V536stop, or AChE_NAT, or AChE_Δ, reduced to the catalytic domain). We show that AChE_H and AChE_T subunits are processed into the same molecular forms as in vivo or in transfected mammalian cells, but that lytic processes converting amphiphilic forms into non-amphiphilic derivatives appear to be more active in yeast. The production of glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecules (dimers, with a small proportion of monomers) demonstrates that P. pastoris can correctly process a mammalian C-terminal GPI-addition signal. Truncated rat and Bungarus AChE molecules, which exclusively generated non-amphiphilic monomers, were released more efficiently and thus produced more AChE activity. In the hope of increasing the production of AChE, we replaced the endogenous signal peptide by yeast prepeptides, with or without a propeptide. We found that the presence of a propeptide, which does not exist in AChE, does not prevent the proper folding of the enzyme, and that it may either increase or decrease the yield of secreted AChE, depending on the signal peptide. Surprisingly, the highest yield was obtained with the endogenous signal peptide. For all combinations, the yield was 2-3 times higher for Bungarus than for rat AChE, probably reflecting differences in the folding efficiency or stability of the polypeptides. The Michaelis constant (K_m), the constant of inhibition by excess substrate (K_ss) and the catalytic constant (k_cat) values of the recombinant AChEs obtained both in P. pastoris and in COS cells, were essentially identical with those of the corresponding natural enzymes, and the K_i values of active-site and peripheral-site inhibitors (edrophonium, decamethonium, propidium) were similar.