The presence of sulphate groups on various saccharide residues of N-linked carbohydrate units has now been observed in a number of glycoproteins. To explore the cell specificity of this post-translational modification, we evaluated sulphate incorporation into virus envelope glycoproteins by a variety of cells, since it is believed that assembly of their N-linked oligosaccharides is to a large extent dependent on the enzymic machinery of the host. Employing the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) envelope glycoprotein (G protein) as a model, we noted that the addition of [35S]sulphate substituents into its complex carbohydrate units occurred in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), Madin-Darby bovine kidney, LLC-PK1 and BHK-21 cell lines but was not detectable in BRL 3A, BW5147.3, Chinese hamster ovary, HepG2, NRK-49F, IEC-18, PtK1 or 3T3 cells. The sulphate groups were exclusively located on C-3 of galactose [Gal(3-SO4)] and/or C-6 of N-acetylglucosamine [GlcNAc(6-SO4)] residues in the N-acetyllactosamine sequence of the branch chains. Moreover, we observed that the pronounced host-cell-dependence of the terminal galactose sulphation was reflected by the 3ʹ-phosphoadenosine 5ʹ-phosphosulphate:Gal-3-O-sulphotransferase activity assayed in vitro. Comparative studies carried out on the haemagglutinin of the influenza virus envelope formed by MDCK and LLC-PK1 cells indicated that sulphate in this glycoprotein was confined to its complex N-linked oligosaccharides where it occurred as Gal(3-SO4) and GlcNAc(6-SO4) on peripheral chains as well as on the mannose-substituted N-acetylglucosamine of the core. Since sulphation in both internal and peripheral locations of the virus glycoproteins was found to be arrested by the α1 → 2 mannosidase inhibitor, kifunensine, as well as by the intracellular migration block imposed by brefeldin A, it was concluded that this modification is a late biosynthetic event which most likely takes place in the trans-Golgi network.
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February 1998
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Research Article|
February 01 1998
Sulphation of N-linked oligosaccharides of vesicular stomatitis and influenza virus envelope glycoproteins: host cell specificity, subcellular localization and identification of substituted saccharides
K. Velislava KARAIVANOVA;
K. Velislava KARAIVANOVA
1Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
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G. Robert SPIRO
G. Robert SPIRO
1
1Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Biochem J (1998) 329 (3): 511–518.
Article history
Received:
May 22 1997
Revision Received:
August 31 1997
Accepted:
September 17 1997
Citation
K. Velislava KARAIVANOVA, G. Robert SPIRO; Sulphation of N-linked oligosaccharides of vesicular stomatitis and influenza virus envelope glycoproteins: host cell specificity, subcellular localization and identification of substituted saccharides. Biochem J 1 February 1998; 329 (3): 511–518. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3290511
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