The S100 proteins comprise at least 25 members, forming the largest group of EF-hand signalling proteins in humans. Although the proteins are expressed in many tissues, each S100 protein has generally been shown to have a preference for expression in one particular tissue or cell type. Three-dimensional structures of several S100 family members have shown that the proteins assume a dimeric structure consisting of two EF-hand motifs per monomer. Calcium binding to these S100 proteins, with the exception of S100A10, results in an approx. 40° alteration in the position of helix III, exposing a broad hydrophobic surface that enables the S100 proteins to interact with a variety of target proteins. More than 90 potential target proteins have been documented for the S100 proteins, including the cytoskeletal proteins tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and F-actin, which have been identified mostly from in vitro experiments. In the last 5 years, efforts have concentrated on quantifying the protein interactions of the S100 proteins, identifying in vivo protein partners and understanding the molecular specificity for target protein interactions. Furthermore, the S100 proteins are the only EF-hand proteins that are known to form both homo- and hetero-dimers, and efforts are underway to determine the stabilities of these complexes and structural rationales for their formation and potential differences in their biological roles. This review highlights both the calcium-dependent and -independent interactions of the S100 proteins, with a focus on the structures of the complexes, differences and similarities in the strengths of the interactions, and preferences for homo- compared with hetero-dimeric S100 protein assembly.
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Review Article|
May 15 2006
Calcium-dependent and -independent interactions of the S100 protein family
Liliana Santamaria-Kisiel;
Liliana Santamaria-Kisiel
1
1Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
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Anne C. Rintala-Dempsey;
Anne C. Rintala-Dempsey
1
1Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
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Gary S. Shaw
Gary S. Shaw
2
1Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
2To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected]).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
February 02 2006
Revision Received:
March 24 2006
Accepted:
March 27 2006
Online ISSN: 1470-8728
Print ISSN: 0264-6021
The Biochemical Society, London
2006
Biochem J (2006) 396 (2): 201–214.
Article history
Received:
February 02 2006
Revision Received:
March 24 2006
Accepted:
March 27 2006
Citation
Liliana Santamaria-Kisiel, Anne C. Rintala-Dempsey, Gary S. Shaw; Calcium-dependent and -independent interactions of the S100 protein family. Biochem J 1 June 2006; 396 (2): 201–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20060195
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