CgNa (Condylactis gigantea neurotoxin) is a 47-amino-acid- residue toxin from the giant Caribbean sea anemone Condylactis gigantea. The structure of CgNa, which was solved by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, is somewhat atypical and displays significant homology with both type I and II anemone toxins. CgNa also displays a considerable number of exceptions to the canonical structural elements that are thought to be essential for the activity of this group of toxins. Furthermore, unique residues in CgNa define a characteristic structure with strong negatively charged surface patches. These patches disrupt a surface-exposed cluster of hydrophobic residues present in all anemone-derived toxins described to date. A thorough characterization by patch–clamp analysis using rat DRG (dorsal root ganglion) neurons indicated that CgNa preferentially binds to TTX-S (tetrodotoxin-sensitive) voltage-gated sodium channels in the resting state. This association increased the inactivation time constant and the rate of recovery from inactivation, inducing a significant shift in the steady state of inactivation curve to the left. The specific structural features of CgNa may explain its weaker inhibitory capacity when compared with the other type I and II anemone toxins.
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Research Article|
July 26 2007
CgNa, a type I toxin from the giant Caribbean sea anemone Condylactis gigantea shows structural similarities to both type I and II toxins, as well as distinctive structural and functional properties1
Emilio Salceda;
Emilio Salceda
2
*Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, 72570 Puebla, México
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Javier Pérez-Castells;
Javier Pérez-Castells
2
†Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB/CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Blanca López-Méndez;
Blanca López-Méndez
2
†Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB/CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Anoland Garateix;
Anoland Garateix
‡Centro de Bioproductos Marinos (CEBIMAR), Calle Loma entre 35 y 37, Alturas del Vedado, 10600 Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
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Hector Salazar;
Hector Salazar
*Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, 72570 Puebla, México
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Omar López;
Omar López
*Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, 72570 Puebla, México
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Abel Aneiros;
Abel Aneiros
‡Centro de Bioproductos Marinos (CEBIMAR), Calle Loma entre 35 y 37, Alturas del Vedado, 10600 Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
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Ludger Ständker;
Ludger Ständker
†Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB/CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
§Hannover Medical School, Center of Pharmacology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Lászlo Béress;
Lászlo Béress
§Hannover Medical School, Center of Pharmacology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Wolf-Georg Forssmann;
Wolf-Georg Forssmann
§Hannover Medical School, Center of Pharmacology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Enrique Soto;
Enrique Soto
*Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, 72570 Puebla, México
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Jesús Jiménez-Barbero;
Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
†Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB/CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Guillermo Giménez-Gallego
Guillermo Giménez-Gallego
3
†Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB/CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
3To whom correspondence should be addressed ([email protected]).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
January 21 2007
Revision Received:
May 15 2007
Accepted:
May 16 2007
Accepted Manuscript online:
May 16 2007
Online ISSN: 1470-8728
Print ISSN: 0264-6021
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society
2007
Biochem J (2007) 406 (1): 67–76.
Article history
Received:
January 21 2007
Revision Received:
May 15 2007
Accepted:
May 16 2007
Accepted Manuscript online:
May 16 2007
Citation
Emilio Salceda, Javier Pérez-Castells, Blanca López-Méndez, Anoland Garateix, Hector Salazar, Omar López, Abel Aneiros, Ludger Ständker, Lászlo Béress, Wolf-Georg Forssmann, Enrique Soto, Jesús Jiménez-Barbero, Guillermo Giménez-Gallego; CgNa, a type I toxin from the giant Caribbean sea anemone Condylactis gigantea shows structural similarities to both type I and II toxins, as well as distinctive structural and functional properties. Biochem J 15 August 2007; 406 (1): 67–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20070130
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