The GAs (gibberellins) comprise a large group of diterpenoid carboxylic acids that are ubiquitous in higher plants, in which certain members function as endogenous growth regulators, promoting organ expansion and developmental changes. These compounds are also produced by some species of lower plants, fungi and bacteria, although, in contrast to higher plants, the function of GAs in these organisms has only recently been investigated and is still unclear. In higher plants, GAs are synthesized by the action of terpene cyclases, cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases localized, respectively, in plastids, the endomembrane system and the cytosol. The concentration of biologically active GAs at their sites of action is tightly regulated and is moderated by numerous developmental and environmental cues. Recent research has focused on regulatory mechanisms, acting primarily on expression of the genes that encode the dioxygenases involved in biosynthesis and deactivation. The present review discusses the current state of knowledge on GA metabolism with particular emphasis on regulation, including the complex mechanisms for the maintenance of GA homoeostasis.
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Review Article|
April 26 2012
Gibberellin biosynthesis and its regulation
Peter Hedden;
Peter Hedden
1
1Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email peter.hedden@rothamsted.ac.uk).
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Stephen G. Thomas
Stephen G. Thomas
1Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K.
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Biochem J (2012) 444 (1): 11–25.
Article history
Received:
February 09 2012
Revision Received:
March 01 2012
Accepted:
March 02 2012
Citation
Peter Hedden, Stephen G. Thomas; Gibberellin biosynthesis and its regulation. Biochem J 15 May 2012; 444 (1): 11–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20120245
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