β-1,4-Glucanase-like protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 is a β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and functions in salt stress tolerance

In the present study, we characterized the gene (Cyanobase accession number slr0897) designated Ssglc encoding a β-1,4-glucanase-like protein (SsGlc) from Synechocystis PCC6803. The deduced amino acid sequence for Ssglc showed a high degree of similarity to sequences of GH (glycoside hydrolase) family 9 β-1,4-glucanases (cellulases) from various sources. Surprisingly, the recombinant protein obtained from the Escherichia coli expression system was able to hydrolyse barley β-glucan and lichenan (β-1,3-1,4-glucan), but not cellulose (β-1,4-glucan), curdlan (β-1,3-glucan), or laminarin (β-1,3-1,6-glucan). A ¹H-NMR analysis of the enzymatic products revealed that the enzyme hydrolyses the β-1,4-glycosidic linkage of barley β-glucan through an inverting mechanism. The data indicated that SsGlc was a novel type of GH9 glucanase which could specifically hydrolyse the β-1,3-1,4-linkage of glucan. The growth of mutant Synechocystis cells in which the Ssglc gene was disrupted by a kanamycin-resistance cartridge gene was almost the same as that of the wild-type cells under continuous light (40 μmol of photons/m² per s), a 12 h light (40 μmol of photons/m² per s)/12 h dark cycle, cold stress (4 °C), and high light stress (200 μmol of photons/m² per s). However, under salt stress (300–450 mM NaCl), growth of the Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells was significantly inhibited as compared with that of the wild-type cells. The Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells showed a decreased rate of O₂ consumption and NaHCO₃-dependent O₂ evolution as compared with the wild-type cells under salt stress. Under osmotic stress (100–400 mM sorbitol), there was no difference in growth between the wild-type and the Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells. These results suggest that SsGlc functions in salt stress tolerance in Synechocystis PCC6803.