...Emmanuelle Cognard; Coralie G. Dargaville; Deborah L. Hay; Peter R. Shepherd Pancreatic β-cells are highly responsive to changes in glucose, but the mechanisms involved are only partially understood. There is increasing evidence that the β-catenin signalling pathway plays an important role...

...Craig Beall; Kaisa Piipari; Hind Al-Qassab; Mark A. Smith; Nadeene Parker; David Carling; Benoit Viollet; Dominic J. Withers; Michael L. J. Ashford AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) signalling plays a key role in whole-body energy homoeostasis, although its precise role in pancreatic β-cell...

... the regulatory contribution of PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) kinase 1, a negative regulator of PDH, to metabolic coupling in 832/13 clonal β-cells. Knockdown of PDH kinase 1 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) reduced its mRNA (>80%) and protein level (>40%) after 72 h. PDH activity, glucose-stimulated...

.... Brd2 is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, where it normally inhibits β-cell mitosis and insulin transcription. In 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, Brd2 normally co-represses PPAR-γ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and inhibits adipogenesis. Brd2 knockdown protects 3T3-L1 adipocytes from TNF-α...

...-bisphosphate) and is also a glucokinase-binding protein. The role of fructose 2,6-P 2 in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells is unresolved. We down-regulated the endogenous isoforms of PFK-2/FBPase-2 with siRNA (small interfering RNA) and expressed KA (kinase active...

...Edith Gomez; Mike L. Powell; Alan Bevington; Terence P. Herbert In the present study, we demonstrate that, in pancreatic β-cells, eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) phosphorylation in response to a decrease in glucose concentration is primarily mediated by the activation of PERK [PKR (protein...

... of ER-stress-induced genes was not enhanced. Induction of ER stress in β-cell lines did not change Ncb5or expression or promoter activity. Transfection with Ncb5or -specific siRNA (small interfering RNA) yielded similar results. Microarray analysis of mRNA from islets and liver of WT and KO animals...

... and mitochondrial membrane potential in rat islet cells and clonal pancreatic β-cells (INS-1). Saturation of the Ca 2+ signal occurred between 5 and 6 mM MeS, while secretion reached its maximum at 15 mM, suggesting operation of a K ATP -channel-independent pathway. Additional responses to MeS and glucose included...

...Isabel C. Greenman; Edith Gomez; Claire E. J. Moore; Terence P. Herbert Glucose acutely stimulates proinsulin synthesis in pancreatic β-cells through a poorly understood post-transcriptional mechanism. In the present study, we demonstrate in pancreatic β-cells that glucose stimulates...

...Michael WELSH; Charlotte WELSH; Maria EKMAN; Johan DIXELIUS; Robert HÄGERKVIST; Cecilia ANNERÉN; Björn ÅKERBLOM; Siavosh MAHBOOBI; Subhashini CHANDRASEKHARAN; Edison T. LIU Hallmarks of the inflammatory process in Type I diabetes are macrophage activation, local release of β-cell-toxic cytokines...

.... It is also apparent from work with HSL null mice that more than one enzyme species may be classified as a hormone-sensitive lipase. The possible presence of HSL in macrophages remains controversial, and the role of the protein in pancreatic β-cells has yet to be fully elucidated. Altered expression of HSL...

... the most complex and is essential for effective neurotransmission. β-cell exocytosis mast cell neuron phosphatase signal transduction Abbreviations used: SNARE, s oluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) a ttachment protein re ceptor; SNAP, s oluble N -ethylmaleimide...