... in both the type I and type II receptor binding epitopes. ActE signaled specifically through ALK7, utilized the canonical activin type II receptors, ActRIIA and ActRIIB, and was resistant to the extracellular antagonists follistatin and WFIKKN. In mature murine adipocytes, ActE invoked a SMAD2/3 response...

... cytokine, playing a protective role against insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and weight gain. The positive effects of IL-4 are associated not only with the activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells in AT, but also with the modulation of adipocyte metabolism. IL-4 is known to activate lipolysis...

... transduction and its negative effects on metabolism remains unclear. Here, we found that MG activated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipocytes, and that the transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is needed to activate p38...

... trafficking in adipocytes. Correspondence: Daniel J. Fazakerley ( [email protected] ) or David E. James ( [email protected] ) * Present Address: Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia † Present Address...

... for whole-body energy homeostasis, the effect of AMPK activation in adipocytes has only been studied to a limited extent and mainly with the AMP-mimetic 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β- d -ribofuranoside (AICAR), which has limited specificity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect...

... that plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. Using the well-established mouse 3T3-L1 in vitro model of adipogenesis, the role of the MNKs in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage was investigated. Inhibition of MNK activity using specific inhibitors failed to impair...

... released from adipose tissue upon activation of ADRBs and FGF21 increases glucose uptake in adipocytes. Therefore, FGF21 may play an autocrine role in inducing glucose uptake after β-adrenergic stimulation. To determine the putative autocrine role of FGF21, we stimulated three different types of adipocytes...

..., transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified novel adipocyte progenitors that give rise to specialised adipocytes with diverse functions, some of which have the potential to be exploited therapeutically. This review will highlight the common and distinct functions of well-known adipocyte populations...

...Nicole G. Barra; Brandyn D. Henriksbo; Fernando F. Anhê; Jonathan D. Schertzer Adipose tissue regulates metabolic homeostasis by participating in endocrine and immune responses in addition to storing and releasing lipids from adipocytes. Obesity skews adipose tissue adipokine responses and degrades...

... in adipose tissue and adipocytes remains less well characterised. Small molecules that selectively influence AMPK heterotrimers containing specific AMPKβ subunit isoforms have been developed, including MT47-100, which selectively inhibits complexes containing AMPKβ2. AMPKβ1 and AMPKβ2 are the principal AMPKβ...

... element within the C/ebpd gene promoter region. Taken together, these data indicate that constitutive JNK activity is specifically required for the initial stage differentiation events of adipocytes. 4 5 2017 14 8 2017 24 8 2017 8 9 2017 © 2017 The Author(s). Published...

... as a true metabolic regulator in additional tissues, including muscle and adipose tissues. In the present study, we found that the expression and secretion of FGF21 was very rapidly increased following lactate exposure in adipocytes. Using different pharmacological and knockout mice models, we demonstrated...

...Chun-Yan Lim; Wanjin Hong; Weiping Han Adiponectin, a hormone secreted from adipocytes and released at a high rate into the circulation, plays a pivotal role in maintaining insulin sensitivity at the whole-body level. Despite the importance of this adipokine in metabolic homoeostasis, the mechanism...

...Yu Chen; Yongqiang Deng; Jinzhong Zhang; Lu Yang; Xiangyang Xie; Tao Xu Insulin stimulates GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) translocation in adipocytes and muscles. An emerging picture is that Rab10 could bridge the gap between the insulin signalling cascade and GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes...

...Tsung-Yin J. Yeh; Juan I. Sbodio; Zhi-Yang Tsun; Biao Luo; Nai-Wen Chi The glucose transporter GLUT4 and the aminopeptidase IRAP (insulin-responsive aminopeptidase) are the major cargo proteins of GSVs (GLUT4 storage vesicles) in adipocytes and myocytes. In the basal state, most GSVs...

...Seung-Soon Im; Sool-Ki Kwon; Seung-Youn Kang; Tae-Hyun Kim; Ha-Il Kim; Man-Wook Hur; Kyung-Sup Kim; Yong-Ho Ahn Expression of the GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4 isoform) gene in adipocytes is subject to hormonal or metabolic control. In the present study, we have characterized an adipose tissue...

... The Biochemical Society, London 2004 adipocytes free fatty acids muscle protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) One potential mechanism by which a sustained increase in circulating NEFAs may lead to impaired insulin signalling involves the enhanced intracellular...

.... In the presence of cAMP, an additional and probably immature (not modified post-translationally) 30kDa species was also sorted. This altered secretion resulted from cAMP-induced quantitative and qualitative changes of ApN within the adipocyte. Under basal conditions, the 32kDa form of ApN was mainly associated...

... resulted in correction of hyperglycaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in several rodent models of diabetes. In the present study, we have found that this compound increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the IR β-subunit and IR substrate 1 in primary rat adipocytes as well as induced...

... and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/ERK kinase, MEK(−1), operating downstream of PYK2, were required for sorbitol-stimulated GLUT4 translocation/glucose transport in rat adipocytes, L6 myotubes and 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, sorbitol activated atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) through a similar...

...Paul R. PRYOR; Simon C. H. LIU; Avril E. CLARK; Jing YANG; Geoffrey D. HOLMAN; David TOSH Decreases in insulin-responsive glucose transport and associated levels of cell surface GLUT4 occur in rat adipocytes maintained in culture for 20 h under hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions. We...