... BY) . allosteric regulation enzyme evolution glycolysis kinetics phosphate donor specificity structural biology substrate specificity The enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) was discovered almost 90 years ago in the laboratory overseen by Jakub Karol Parnas [ 1 ]. d -Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP...

... of these dimensions is considered. In addition, many of the properties of enzymes only make sense in the light of evolution. We start this review by outlining the main paradigms of enzyme evolution, including gene duplication and divergence, convergent evolution, and evolution by recombination of domains...

... and then stored at 4°C in storage buffer. All manipulations with samples, starting from tissue homogenization, were performed on ice or at +4°C. Protein concentration was determined as described above. CMP-sialic acid synthetase Drosophila glycosylation enzyme evolution sialic acid sialylation...

... for the decarboxylase activity of pyruvate kinase which is conserved from protozoa to mammals. Structural and solution studies of range of related dicarboxylic acids suggest the decarboxylase activity is restricted to oxaloacetate as a substrate. decarboxylase mechanism enzyme evolution oxaloacetate analogue...

... to the experimental design. cycloartenol enzyme evolution ergosterol fluorosterol isotopically sensitive branching sitosterol sterol C-24-methyltransferase (24-SMT) Phytosterols are a diverse group of 24-alkyl sterols which in eukaryotic cells can provide architectural support in membranes...