...Sara M. Frangos; David J. Bishop; Graham P. Holloway While the etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifaceted, the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenomenon, and impairments in insulin signaling in this tissue directly contribute to hyperglycemia. Despite the lack...

...Yung-Jui Lin; Chien-Han Kao; Sheng-Pin Hsiao; Shen-Liang Chen M-cadherin is a skeletal muscle-specific transmembrane protein mediating the cell-cell adhesion of myoblasts during myogenesis. It is expressed in the proliferating satellite cells and highly induced by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs...

.... Interestingly, muscle contraction has recently been shown to increase mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; therefore, we aimed to determine if mitochondrial-derived ROS influences bioenergetic responses to exercise. Specifically, we examined the influence of acute...

... or mutations of various core clock components, ranging from increased bone mass, dwarfism, arthropathy, reduced muscle strength and tendon calcification. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the circadian clocks in muscle, bone, cartilage and tendon tissues, with particular focus...

... towards increased triacylglycerol secretion (intestine) or insulin resistance (adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle). 1 email [email protected] 6 11 2012 3 1 2013 25 1 2013 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2013 Biochemical Society 2013 de novo...

... tissue and soleus muscle, low in EDL (extensor digitorum longus) muscle and detectable in liver only after enrichment. Despite having lower blood glucose levels under both fasted and random-fed conditions, the AS160-knockout mice exhibited insulin resistance in both muscle and liver in a euglycaemic...

...), are tissue-dependent. Therefore we have developed insulin analogues with different binding affinities for the two isoforms to test whether tissue-preferential biological effects can be attained. In rats and mice, IR-B is the most prominent isoform in the liver (>95%) and fat (>90%), whereas in muscles...

... of intracellular myotilin and actin-containing aggregates, which resemble those seen in diseased muscle cells. These findings identify for the first time biological differences between wt (wild-type) and mutant myotilin. The present study provides novel information on the pathways controlling myotilin turnover...

...Balázs Visegrády; Laura M. Machesky Mutations in the gene encoding skeletal muscle α-actin ( ACTA1 ) account for approx. 20% of patients with the muscular disorder nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathy is a muscular wasting disease similar to muscular dystrophy, but distinguished by deposits...

... family member e40 (Bhlhe40) muscle myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD) p300/CBP-associated factor (P/CAF) peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) For transient transfection, aliquots of plasmid DNA (0.67 μg reporter and 0.16 μg of each expression vector...

...Erik A. Richter; Neil B. Ruderman AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a phylogenetically conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is present in all mammalian cells. During exercise, it is activated in skeletal muscle in humans, and at least in rodents, also in adipose tissue, liver and perhaps other...

... sparse to predict its physiological function and it is not known whether the muscle-specific expression and the existence of the C-terminal HD are common features of DNase X in mammals. In the present study, we determined the primary structures of the DNase X proteins of monkey, porcine, bovine, mouse...

...Claire E. EYERS; Helen McNEILL; Axel KNEBEL; Nick MORRICE; Simon J. C. ARTHUR; Ana CUENDA; Philip COHEN A protein expressed in immune cells and muscle was detected in muscle extracts as a substrate for several SAPKs (stress-activated protein kinases). It interacted specifically with the F-actin...

...William M. MAHONEY, Jr; Jeong-Ho HONG; Michael B. YAFFE; Iain K. G. FARRANCE Members of the highly related TEF-1 (transcriptional enhancer factor-1) family (also known as TEAD, for TEF-1, TEC1, ABAA domain) bind to MCAT (muscle C, A and T sites) and A/T-rich sites in promoters active in cardiac...

...Zhefeng ZHAO; Joanna GRUSZCZYNSKA-BIEGALA; Anna ZOLKIEWSKA The extracellular domain of integrin α7 is ADP-ribosylated by an arginine-specific ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase after adding exogenous NAD + to intact C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The effect of ADP-ribosylation on the structure or function...

...Darren J. POWELL; Sophie TURBAN; Alexander GRAY; Eric HAJDUCH; Harinder S. HUNDAL Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance that may develop, in part, as a consequence of a direct inhibitory effect on early insulin signalling...

.... The expression of the liver (L) and heart (H) isoforms of COX VIa, which undergo an isoform switch during muscle development, as well as of the Va subunit, which is expressed in all tissues, was analysed. The translational efficiencies of COX Va, VIa-L and VIa-H, as well as of mitochondrially encoded COX mRNAs...

...Brooke D. HARPER; Mary C. BECKERLE; Pascal POMIÈS The cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) are a family of highly conserved LIM (an acronym derived from the three gene products lin-11, isl-1 and mec-3) domain proteins that have been implicated in muscle differentiation. All CRP family members...