...). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2021 CLN3 CLN5 endosomes palmitoylation RAB7A retromer The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited lysosomal diseases with over 430 mutations in 13 genetically distinct genes (CLN1–8...

..., stearate is exclusively attached to one cysteine located at the cytoplasmic border of the transmembrane region (TMR). M2 is palmitoylated at a cysteine positioned in an amphiphilic helix near the TMR. The enzymes catalyzing acylation of HA and M2 have not been identified, but zinc finger DHHC domain...

... catalyze autopalmitoylation. NMR studies on mTEAD4 revealed that exchanges exist in TEAD as NMR signal broadening was observed for residues close to the palmitoylation site. Mutating the palmitoylated cysteine (C360S mutant) abolished palmitoylation, while no significant changes in the NMR spectrum were...

... cytoplasmic tail. Many other GTs also possess cysteine residues in their cytoplasmic regions, suggesting that this modification occurs also on these GTs. S-acylation, commonly known as palmitoylation, is catalysed by a family of palmitoyltransferases (PATs) that are mostly localised at the Golgi complex...

...Michelle L. McClure; Hui Wen; James Fortenberry; Jeong S. Hong; Eric J. Sorscher Defects in CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) maturation are central to the pathogenesis of CF (cystic fibrosis). Palmitoylation serves as a key regulator of maturational processing in other...

.... Cdc42 is expressed in the form of two splice variants. The canonical Cdc42 isoform is prenylated (Cdc42-prenyl), whereas the brainspecific isoform can be palmitoylated (Cdc42-palm). In the present study we have demonstrated palmitoylation of endogenous Cdc42 in rodent and human brains and identified Cys...

...Shu-Ping Song; Anne Hennig; Katja Schubert; Robby Markwart; Philipp Schmidt; Ian A. Prior; Frank-Dietmar Böhmer; Ignacio Rubio Ras GTPases undergo post-translational modifications that govern their subcellular trafficking and localization. In particular, palmitoylation of the Golgi tags N-Ras and H...

... Cys 361 . We have demonstrated, using autoradiography, that Cys 361 is the primary palmitoylation site of hPAR 2 . The hPAR 2 C361A mutant cell line displayed greater cell-surface expression compared with the wt (wild-type)-hPAR 2 -expressing cell line. hPAR 2 C361A also showed a decreased sensitivity...

... cytoplasmic tail abolishes PIP binding, and PIP binding is also determined by the position of basic residues in the EWI2 cytoplasmic tail. In addition, EWI2 is constitutively palmitoylated at the cytoplasmic cysteine residues located at the N-terminal of those basic residues. The PIP interaction...

... into the lipid bilayer, thereby inducing curvature. Palmitoylation of the helix and binding to cholesterol via putative CRAC (cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus) motifs are believed to target M2 to the edge of rafts, the viral-budding site. In the present study, we tested pre-conditions...

... in a similar manner to authentic HA. We measured FLIM-FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) and showed strong association of HA–Cer with Myr-Pal–YFP (myristoylated and palmitoylated peptide fused to yellow fluorescent protein), an established marker for rafts...

...Ayelén González Montoro; Rodrigo Quiroga; Hugo J. F. Maccioni; Javier Valdez Taubas S-acylation (commonly known as palmitoylation) is a widespread post-translational modification that consists of the addition of a lipid molecule to cysteine residues of a protein through a thioester bond...

...Aurélie Rossin; Mathieu Derouet; Fadi Abdel-Sater; Anne-Odile Hueber S-palmitoylation is a lipid modification that regulates membrane–protein association and influences protein trafficking, stability or aggregation, thus playing an important role in protein signalling. We previously demonstrated...

... residues 1–90) but conserved catalytic domains (approximately from residue 91 to the C-termini). Nearly the entire pool of PI4KIIα behaves as an integral membrane protein, in spite of a lack of a transmembrane domain. This integral association with membranes is due to palmitoylation of a cysteine-rich...

...-5a is modified with palmitate at Cys 104 and glycans at Asn 114 , Asn 120 , Asn 311 and Asn 325 . The palmitoylation was not essential for the secretion of Wnt-5a, but was necessary for its ability to suppress Wnt-3a-dependent T-cell factor transcriptional activity and to stimulate cell migration...

...Richard B. Parsons; Gemma C. Price; Joanna K. Farrant; Daryl Subramaniam; Jubril Adeagbo-Sheikh; Brian M. Austen We have previously reported that protein lipidation in the form of palmitoylation and farnesylation is critical for the production of Aβ (amyloid β-peptide), the dimerization of β...

...Michael VEIT The yeast SNARE (soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) protein Ykt6 was shown to mediate palmitoylation of the fusion factor Vac8 in a reaction essential for the fusion of vacuoles. Here I present evidence that hYkt6 (human Ykt6) has self...

... C843A could be biotinylated at the cell surface, indicating that a cysteine residue at position 843 is not required for cell-surface expression of the protein. The turnover rate of AE1 C843A was not significantly different from AE1. While other proteins could be palmitoylated, labelling of transiently...

... residues. In the last case, incubation of cells with the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate exposed membrane-proximal cysteine residues, thus effectively promoting ‘zero-length’ cross-linking to stabilize homodimers. Similar to CD9, other tetraspanins (CD81 and CD151) also showed a tendency...

...Gonzalo L. VILAS; Luc G. BERTHIAUME ApoB (apolipoprotein B)-containing lipoprotein particles, such as chylomicrons, very-low-density and low-density lipoprotein particles, transport triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters in the bloodstream. A palmitoylation site was previously mapped to Cys-1085...

... likely that multiple palmitoyl-acyl transferase (PAT) activities exist to recognize and modify these distinct palmitoylation motifs. To evaluate this possibility, two synthetic peptides representing these palmitoylation motifs, termed MyrGCK(NBD) and FarnCNRas(NBD), were used to characterize PAT activity...

... syntaxin 1A and VAMP are tethered to the membrane by a C-terminal transmembrane domain, SNAP-25 has been suggested to be anchored to the membrane via four palmitoylated cysteine residues. We demonstrate that the cysteine residues of SNAP-25 are not required for membrane localization when syntaxin 1A...

... recently suggested by the observation that fusion with the palmitoylated N-terminus of α i1 relocalizes cytosolic green-fluorescent-protein reporter to low buoyancy, Triton-insoluble membrane domains (TIFF; Triton-insoluble floating fraction), enriched with caveolin-1 [Galbiati, Volonté, Meani, Milligan...

...Zhenhai GAO; Yajun NI; Gabor SZABO; Joel LINDEN Palmitoylation of the recombinant human A 1 adenosine receptor (A 1 AR) expressed in HEK-293 cells is demonstrated by showing that hexahistidine (His 6 )/Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys (FLAG) (H/F) A 1 ARs, purified to homogeneity from cells...

... in interaction with the CDB3, the evidence suggests that the region encompassing amino acid residues 187-211 is one of the domains critical for the protein 4.2-CDB3 interaction. This is also the first demonstration that palmitoylation serves as a positive modulator of this interaction. 1 To whom...