... studies have reported TIM-3 as a co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptor in T cells. Here, we show that TIM-3 promotes NF-κB signaling and IL-2 secretion following TCR stimulation in Jurkat cells, and that this activity is regulated by binding to phosphatidylserine (PS). TIM-3 signaling is stimulated...

... kinase-1 (PDK1) at the activation loop to yield a constitutively phosphorylated species whose global cellular activity is phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP 3 )-insensitive. atypical protein kinase C insulin mTOR complex phosphatidylinositol signalling phosphatidylserine...

... 2+ precedes and is required for peptide entry. One of the hallmarks of Ca 2+ signalling is a transient cell-surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), a lipid normally residing only in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Blocking the accessible PS with the PS-binding domain of lactadherin...

... to PS (phosphatidylserine)-containing membranes to produce thrombin at a physiologically significant rate. In the present study, we show that overall fXa activity on PS-containing membranes is sharply regulated by a ‘Ca 2+ switch’ centred at 1.16 mM, below which fXa is active and above which fXa forms...

... (phosphatidylserine) exposure on activated platelet membranes promotes prothrombin activation by FXa by allosterically regulating FXa. To identify the structural basis of this allosteric regulation, we used FRET to monitor changes in FXa length in response to (i) soluble short-chain PS [C6PS...

... (phosphatidylserine), with a K d value of ~0.5 μM, with the N-terminal domain mediating this interaction. JP2 also binds PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 at a different site than PS, resulting in the protein adopting a more flexible conformation; this interaction is modulated by both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions. We show that the S101R...

.... fVIII-C2 binding was also not specific for phosphatidylserine over other negatively charged phospholipids, whereas a Factor VIII construct lacking the C2 domain retained phosphatidyl- L -serine specificity. fVIII-C2 slightly enhanced the cleavage of Factor X by Factor IXa, but did not compete...

... to oxidized-low-density-lipoprotein particles implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation. LOX-1 is closely related to C-type lectins, but the mechanism of ligand recognition is not known. Here we show that human LOX-1 recognizes a key cellular phospholipid, PS (phosphatidylserine), in a Ca 2+ -dependent...

... deficiency on membrane fluidity at the water/lipid interface was associated with a higher phosphatidylserine externalization. The higher membrane fluidity in the hydrophobic region of the bilayer was correlated with a lower content of arachidonic acid. We suggest that the increased fluidity of the membrane...

... human gastric carcinoma cells overexpressing BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein, ABCG-2), a half-size transporter belonging to the ABCG subfamily. A significantly increased plasma membrane association of the PS (phosphatidylserine)-binding probe FITC–Annexin V in comparison with control cells...

...-terminal half of the DAGK catalytic domain binds Mg-ATP and the C-terminal half binds diacylglycerol. A DAGKα mutant with its entire regulatory region deleted showed a much decreased activity that was not activated by Ca 2+ , but still exhibited PS (phosphatidylserine)-dependent activation. Moreover...

... phospholipids. We also found that Cu-induced oxidative stress in ZnCl 2 -pretreated/Cu-NTA-loaded HL-60 cells was accompanied by apoptosis documented by characteristic changes of nuclear morphology, internucleosomal DNA cleavage, externalization of phosphatidylserine, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria...

... demonstrate that neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) involved in the sphingomyelin (SM) catabolism is retained by the intraerythrocytic parasite Plasmodium falciparum . When assayed in a neutral pH buffer supplemented with Mg 2+ and phosphatidylserine, an activity for the release of the phosphocholine group from...

... arrest. Exposure to 20-40 nmol of HOCl per 1.2×10 5 cells initiated apoptosis that was determined morphologically, by the identification of apoptotic nuclei with Hoechst 33342, and by detection of phosphatidylserine on the outer membrane. Degraded DNA was detected by flow cytometry. HOCl induced caspase...

...-fused C2 domain from rat PKCα, PKC-C2. We found that PKC-C2 binds with high affinity (half-maximal binding at 0.6 µ M) to lipid vesicles containing the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine. When expressed into COS and HeLa cells, most of the PKC-C2 was found at the plasma membrane, whereas...