... is mediated by members of the L-amino acid transporter family, which are prime targets for the development of resistance. However, these transporters also facilitate the transport of natural essential molecules such as polyamines and thiamine (vitamin B 1 ), at least in Arabidopsis, but have not undergone...

...Bin Li; Jue Liang; Margaret A. Phillips; Anthony J. Michael The only known pathway for biosynthesis of the polyamine norspermidine starts from aspartate β-semialdehyde to form the diamine 1,3-diaminopropane, which is then converted to norspermidine via a carboxynorspermidine intermediate...

...X. Edward Zhou; Kelly Suino-Powell; Chad R. Schultz; Bilal Aleiwi; Joseph S. Brunzelle; Jared Lamp; Irving E. Vega; Edmund Ellsworth; André S. Bachmann; Karsten Melcher Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of polyamines (PAs). PAs are oncometabolites...

...Bin Li; Shin Kurihara; Sok Ho Kim; Jue Liang; Anthony J. Michael The only known function of S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is to supply, with its partner aminopropyltransferase enzymes such as spermidine synthase (SpdSyn), the aminopropyl donor for polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine...

.... 4.1.1.17) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) that plays a crucial role during embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. In this study, we show that primary dermal fibroblasts derived from a skin biopsy of a 3-year-old patient contain...

... in polyamine-depleted cells. In addition, decreased levels of chondroitin synthase 1 (CHSY1) and chondroitin 4- O -sulfotransferase 2 proteins were also observed on polyamine depletion. Interestingly, the translation initiation of CHSY1 was suppressed by a highly structured sequence (positions −202 to −117...

...Bartosz Sekula; Zbigniew Dauter Polyamines are linear polycationic compounds that play a crucial role in the growth and development of higher plants. One triamine (spermidine, SPD) and two tetraamine isomers (spermine, SPM, and thermospermine, TSPM) are obtained by the transfer of the aminopropyl...

...Sebahat Ucal; Merja R. Häkkinen; Aino-Liisa Alanne; Leena Alhonen; Jouko Vepsäläinen; Tuomo A. Keinänen; Mervi T. Hyvönen Replacing protium with deuterium is an efficient method to modulate drug metabolism. N -alkylated polyamine analogues are polyamine antimetabolites with proven anticancer...

... modification. eIF5A hypusination controls cell proliferation and has been linked to cancer. eIF5A hypusination requires the enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase and uniquely depends on the polyamine (PA) spermidine as the sole substrate. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate...

.... It therefore has similar biophysical characteristics as the structurally related polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine. For this reason, agmatine is also referred to as a polyamine in the wider sense. However, the guanidinium group accounts for a stronger basicity when compared with spermidine...

... duplication (and gene loss), horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer, and gene fusion. It will also discuss mechanisms that lead to convergence as well as divergence. To illustrate these mechanisms, one of the original metabolisms present in the last universal common ancestor will be employed: polyamine...

...Chaim Kahana Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, low-molecular-mass aliphatic polycations that are ubiquitously present in all living cells and are essential for fundamental cellular processes. Most cellular polyamines are bound...

...Tracy R. Murray-Stewart; Patrick M. Woster; Robert A. Casero, Jr The chemically simple, biologically complex eukaryotic polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are positively charged alkylamines involved in many crucial cellular processes. Along with their diamine precursor putrescine, their normally...

...Mervi T. Hyvönen; Michael T. Howard; Christine B. Anderson; Nikolay Grigorenko; Alex R. Khomutov; Jouko Vepsäläinen; Leena Alhonen; Juhani Jänne; Tuomo A. Keinänen The natural polyamines are ubiquitous multifunctional organic cations which play important roles in regulating cellular proliferation...

...Anne Uimari; Tuomo A. Keinänen; Anne Karppinen; Patrick Woster; Pekka Uimari; Juhani Jänne; Leena Alhonen SSAT (Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, also known as SAT1), the key enzyme in the catabolism of polyamines, is turned over rapidly and there is only a low amount present in the cell...

...Zohar Snapir; Alona Keren-Paz; Zippi Bercovich; Chaim Kahana Azs (antizymes) are small polyamine-induced proteins that function as feedback regulators of cellular polyamine homoeostasis. They bind to transient ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) monomeric subunits, resulting in inhibition of ODC activity...

...Slavoljub VUJCIC; Ping LIANG; Paula DIEGELMAN; Debora L. KRAMER; Carl W. PORTER In the polyamine back-conversion pathway, spermine and spermidine are first acetylated by spermidine/spermine N 1 -acetyltransferase (SSAT) and then oxidized by polyamine oxidase (PAO) to produce spermidine...

...Tracy MURRAY-STEWART; Yanlin WANG; Wendy DEVEREUX; Robert A. CASERO, Jr The recently cloned and characterized human polyamine oxidase (PAOh1) potentially represents a new class of catabolic enzymes in the mammalian polyamine metabolic pathway capable of the efficient oxidation of polyamines. Here...

...Eva LÖVKVIST WALLSTRÖM; Koichi TAKAO; Anna WENDT; Cristina VARGIU; Hong YIN; Lo PERSSON Translational regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which catalyses the first step in the biosynthesis of polyamines, appears to be an important mechanism in the strong feedback control as well...

..., we established primary cultures of skin fibroblasts from hemizygous Gy}Y mice. The Gy}Y cells contained no detectable spermine. In view of the fact that spermine is a free-radical scavenger in Šitro, we were surprised to find that Gy}Y cells were more resistant to INTRODUCTION The polyamines...

...Jonas NILSSON; Birgitta GRAHN; Olle HEBY Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the first step in the synthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The polyamines are essential for cell growth, but at elevated levels they may be tumorigenic, toxic, or may induce apoptosis...

...Takatoshi SAITO; Tomasz HASCILOWICZ; Ichiro OHKIDO; Yutaka KIKUCHI; Hitoshi OKAMOTO; Shin-ichi HAYASHI; Yasuko MURAKAMI; Senya MATSUFUJI Cellular polyamines are regulated by a unique feedback mechanism involving ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme. The synthesis of mammalian antizyme requires...

... of exogenous sulphated glycosaminoglycans. We conclude that the glycosaminoglycan part of proteoglycans serves a protective role against cationic lipid cytotoxicity, allowing optimal transfection efficiency in Šitro. Key words: gene therapy, glycosaminoglycan, liposomes, polyamines. It has been suggested...

..., these results indicate that the activation of p44/42 MAPK may favour the expression of ODC, and that polyamines, in turn, may affect the phosphorylation state of MAPK. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed ( [email protected] ). 18 1 1999 30 3 1999 11 5 1999...