... Jae Lee Selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) was initially detected in bacteria and was shown to synthesize selenophosphate, the active selenium donor. However, mammals have two SPS paralogues, which are designated SPS1 and SPS2. Although it is known that SPS2 catalyses the synthesis of selenophosphate...

... 2014 20 5 2014 20 5 2014 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 Selenoproteins contain the rare amino acid selenocysteine. Reduced selenium levels in the brain lead to a complex neurological phenotype affecting cortical and hippocampal GABAergic...

... -isopentenyladenosine (i 6 A) isopentenyl tRNA transferase (IPT) isopentenylation selenium tRNA modification Selenoproteins contain the rare amino acid Sec (selenocysteine) which is co-translationally inserted into protein in response to UGA codons (reviewed in [ 1 ]). The human genome contains 25 genes...

... supplemented cells with either SPO 3 or selenium and subsequently determined total as well as specific activities of cellular TrxR1, together with extent of drug-induced cell death. We found that cDDP became less cytotoxic after incubation of A549 or HCT116 cells with lower SPO 3 concentrations (100–300 μM...

..., HOSCN targets cysteine residues with considerable selectivity. In the light of this reactivity, we hypothesized that Sec (selenocysteine) residues should also be rapidly oxidized by HOSCN, as selenium atoms are better nucleophiles than sulfur. Such oxidation might inactivate critical Sec-containing...

...Frederick P. Bellinger; Arjun V. Raman; Mariclair A. Reeves; Marla J. Berry Selenoproteins are proteins containing selenium in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine. Members of this protein family have many diverse functions, but their synthesis is dependent on a common set of cofactors...

.... Heterozygous Trsp -knockout mice ( Trsp + / − ) in a C57Bl/6 genetic background were from a previous study in our laboratory [ 5 ]. Mice were maintained on standard rodent diet, NIH-31A, containing adequate amounts of selenium as described in [ 36 ] and the care of animals was in accordance...

...Kostja Renko; Margarethe Werner; Ingrid Renner-Müller; Trevor G. Cooper; Ching Hei Yeung; Birgit Hollenbach; Marcus Scharpf; Josef Köhrle; Lutz Schomburg; Ulrich Schweizer SePP (selenoprotein P) is central for selenium transport and distribution. Targeted inactivation of the Sepp gene in mice leads...

... selenium (Se) deficiency can result in a compensatory increase of other non-Se-dependent antioxidants, such as HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1) that may help to counteract the damaging effects of oxidant stress. However, the role of individual selenoproteins in regulating vascular-derived protective gene responses...

...Ulrich SCHWEIZER; Florian STRECKFUß; Paco PELT; Bradley A. CARLSON; Dolph L. HATFIELD; Josef KÖHRLE; Lutz SCHOMBURG Liver-specific inactivation of Trsp , the gene for selenocysteine tRNA, removes SePP (selenoprotein P) from plasma, causing serum selenium levels to fall from 298 μg/l to 50 μg/l...

...Des R. RICHARDSON How is the essential micronutrient, selenium (Se), transported in the serum and then donated to tissues? In this issue of the Biochemical Journal , Schweizer and colleagues demonstrate, using conditional and total mouse knockout models, that SePP (selenoprotein P) is the major...

...Yoshiro SAITO; Noriko SATO; Masaki HIRASHIMA; Gen TAKEBE; Shigeharu NAGASAWA; Kazuhiko TAKAHASHI Human selenoprotein P (SeP), a selenium-rich plasma glycoprotein, is presumed to contain ten selenocysteine residues; one of which is located at the 40th residue in the N-terminal region...

...Ulrich SCHWEIZER; Marten MICHAELIS; Josef KÖHRLE; Lutz SCHOMBURG Mice deficient in selenoprotein P exhibit a disturbed selenium distribution and reduced activities of other selenoenzymes and display defects in growth and motor co-ordination. We have normalized selenoenzyme activities and rescued...

...Shani SHILO; Anna ARONIS; Rita KOMARNITSKY; Oren TIROSH There is a known connection between selenium supplementation and chemo-protective anti-cancer activity. This biological phenomenon may be due to the ability of selenium to instigate cellular apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which selenium...

... into selenium-containing 2F3-scFv (Se-2F3-scFv) by chemical modification of the reactive serine; the GPX activity of the Se-2F3-scFv was 3394units/ μ mol, which approaches the activity of rabbit liver GPX. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail [email protected] ). The Biochemical...

...Debbie MUSTACICH; Garth POWIS The mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are a family of selenium-containing pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductases with mechanistic and sequence identity, including a conserved -Cys-Val-Asn-Val-Gly-Cys- redox catalytic site, to glutathione reductases...

...Sue M. ANEMA; Simon W. WALKER; A. Forbes HOWIE; John R. ARTHUR; Fergus NICOL; Geoff J. BECKETT Damage to the endothelium by reactive oxygen species favours atherogenesis. Such damage can be prevented by selenium, which is thought to exert its actions through the expression of selenoproteins...

... was decreased in A549 cells by the lowering of the fetal bovine serum content in the culture medium and was recovered by the addition of selenium. To study the role of Sec in TR activity, we have isolated a full-length clone of the rat TR cDNA (3.3 kb) and have expressed it in COS-1 cells in a transient...