... 12 2011 13 12 2011 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 Biochemical Society 2012 cell-penetrating peptide small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutic biomolecule transfection The hallmark of all life is compartmentalization. Genetic information as well as macromolecules...

... mitochondrial phosphate carrier (PiC) small interfering RNA (siRNA) solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) Glucose stimulates insulin secretion by both triggering and amplifying signals in pancreatic β-cells [ 1 ]. The triggering pathway includes entry of glucose into β-cells, acceleration of glycolysis...

[email protected] ). 19 7 2010 5 8 2010 5 8 2010 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 glycolysis protein kinase B (PKB) 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2) serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 (SGK3) small interfering RNA (siRNA...

... transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dynasore dynamin endocytosis small interfering RNA (siRNA) Clathrin-coated vesicles mediate endocytosis of many transporters, receptors and ion channels, as well as soluble macromolecules and viruses. The large GTPase dynamin plays an essential role...

... compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 chondrocyte differentiation growth plate inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2) small interfering RNA (siRNA) Sox9 type II collagen (COL2) Endochondral bone formation involves condensation of mesenchymal cells and their subsequent...

... for Western blot and real-time PCR analysis. dexamethasone hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) human hepatic stimulator substance (h HSS ) small interfering RNA (siRNA) stimulating protein-1 (Sp1) In 1975, LaBrecque and Pesch first found the existence of HSS (hepatic stimulator substance...

... 9 2007 19 9 2007 19 9 2007 adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) clathrin diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) endocytosis small interfering RNA (siRNA) FLAG–DGKδ2 and its mutants were transfected into COS7 cells by electroporation. After 48 h, cells were harvested and lysed...

... kinase C (PKC) activator small interfering RNA (siRNA) SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids) are produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre within the large bowel. Among them, butyrate plays a key role in colonic epithelium homoeostasis and represents the main fuel for colonocytes...

... and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) small interfering RNA (siRNA) Src family kinase Chromium is a ubiquitous metal that exists predominantly in two physiologically relevant valence states: Cr(VI) and Cr(III). As an essential nutrient (reviewed in [ 1 ]), Cr(III) may contribute to the efficiency...

... neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) small interfering RNA (siRNA) PARs (proteinase-activated receptors), a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, are activated by proteolytic cleavage of their N-termini by serine proteinases, such as thrombin, trypsin...

... interfering RNA (siRNA) tonicity-responsive-enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) TonEBP [TonE (tonicity-responsive enhancer)-binding protein] was cloned as a trans -acting factor for the cis -element TonE that mediated stimulation of transcription by hypertonicity [ 1 ]. TonEBP is also called NFAT5...

... The Biochemical Society, London 2005 Escherichia-coli -expressed and enzyme-digested RNA (esiRNA) hydrodynamic injection mouse enhanced RNA interference gene ( meri-1 ) RNA interference (RNAi) RNA interference regulation small interfering RNA (siRNA) It is clear that inhibition of gene...

... RNA interference (RNAi) RNA interference regulation small interfering RNA (siRNA) RNAi (RNA interference) refers to the suppression of expression of target gene (mainly at the post-transcriptional or translational level) induced by small (21–23 nucleotides) homologous RNA molecules, including...

... (RNAi) small interfering RNA (siRNA) We reported previously that the introduction of PDK1 ASOs into a PTEN-deficient human glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG) dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, whereas 8 bp mismatch control oligonucleotides (PDK1-MM) had a weaker effect. This seemed...

... 18 1 2005 18 1 2005 The Biochemical Society, London 2005 arginine methylation interleukin 2 (IL-2) Jurkat T-cells protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) small interfering RNA (siRNA) T-cell receptor signalling Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains one major type I...

[email protected] ). 25 8 2004 14 10 2004 12 11 2004 12 11 2004 The Biochemical Society, London 2005 cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) gene transcription lung Krüppel-like factor (LKLF) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) small interfering RNA (siRNA) yeast one-hybrid...

... 2 2004 31 3 2004 1 4 2004 1 4 2004 The Biochemical Society, London ©2004 2004 complementation analysis mitosis off target secondary effect small interfering RNA (siRNA) synchronization Abbreviations used: dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; miRNA, micro RNA; PKR...

... used small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence the expression of each receptor selectively in clonal MIN6 β-cells. Reduction of IR levels by >90% completely inhibited glucose (30 mM compared with 3 mM)-induced insulin secretion, but had no effect on depolarization-stimulated secretion. IR depletion...

... been hampered by a lack of suitable research tools. Here we use small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to examine the cellular regulation of the RhoB GTPase, and show that RhoB is activated downstream of the epidermal-growth-factor receptor through the Vav2 exchange factor. These studies demonstrate...