...Miglė Kišonaitė; Xuelu Wang; Marko Hyvönen Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling family and has a very broad biological role in development. Its signalling is regulated by many effectors: transmembrane proteins, membrane-attached...

... 30 8 2011 5 9 2011 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 Biochemical Society 2012 chemoresistance fibrosis microRNA membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) pancreatic cancer Snail transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) In the complex interplay between...

... factor (CTGF) p42/44 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling cross-talk Smad signalling transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transforming growth factor-β1 receptor CCN proteins (cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, connective tissue growth factor, nephroblastoma overexpressed...

... Akt arsenic trioxide hepatocellular carcinoma human antigen R (HuR) TG-interacting factor (TGIF) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) Arsenic is a metalloid that naturally exists in our environment. It has been considered as a potent carcinogen, and chronic exposure to arsenic may lead...

... transition (EMT) GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) Smad Snail transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) EndMT (endothelial–mesenchymal transition) is an essential mechanism of endocardial cushion formation during cardiac development [ 1 – 3 ]. EndMT also has an essential role in cancer progression...

... transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) belongs to a superfamily containing more than 30 cytokines. Based on the differences in ligand structures, activation processes and signal transduction components used, TGF-β family members are divided into two subfamilies. TGF-β...

... 2010 13 1 2010 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 calcium matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) metastasis S100A4 Smad3 transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) Retrovirus-infected MCF10CA1a.cl1 cells or siRNA-transfected MDA-MB 231 cells in 60 mm...

... induced by this co-operativity include the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), its receptors, type I and II, endoglin, a TGF-β auxiliary receptor [ 5 ], and the extracellular-matrix component collagen type I [ 2 , 6 ], as well as uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator), which promotes...

... (PI3K/Akt) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) tumour suppression Prostate cancer is a major public health problem in Western industrialized countries. It is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer in men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men [ 1 ]. It is estimated...

... and Smurfs will be discussed. bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) homologous to the E6-accessory protein C-terminus (HECT) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-2 (NEDD4-2) Smad Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) Members...

... activation domain (SAD) transcription transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) There is considerable interest in delineating the molecular mechanisms of action of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β), as TGF-β signalling has been linked with a plethora of human conditions, including cancer, fibrosis...

...Guannan WANG; Jianyin LONG; Isao MATSUURA; Dongming HE; Fang LIU Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads regulate a wide variety of biological responses through transcriptional regulation of target genes. Smad3 plays a key role in TGF-β/Smad-mediated transcriptional responses. Here, we show...

... The Biochemical Society, London ©2004 2004 Muc5ac mucin Smad4 Sp1 transcription transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) Abbreviations used: EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR; TBST, Tris-buffered saline/0.2% Tween 20; TGF-β, transforming growth factor...

... (Santa Clara, CA, U.S.A.) oligonucleotide microarray analysis, we found that TGIF mRNA level was elevated by transforming-growth-factor-β (TGF-β) treatment in a human T-cell line, HuT78. Subsequent reverse-transcription PCR assays indicated that TGF-β1 and activin were able to induce a rapid...

...Feifei CHEN; Kenji OGAWA; Xubao LIU; Teresa M. STRINGFIELD; Yan CHEN Activation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/activin receptors leads to phosphorylation of Smad2 (Sma- and Mad-related protein 2) and Smad3, which function as transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Using the MH2...