Reggie-1 and reggie-2 are two evolutionarily highly conserved proteins which are up-regulated in retinal ganglion cells during regeneration of lesioned axons in the goldfish optic nerve. They are located at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane and are considered to be 'lipid raft' constituents due to their insolubility in Triton X-100 and presence in the 'floating fractions'; hence they were independently named flotillins. According to our current view, the reggies subserve functions as protein scaffolds which form microdomains in neurons, lymphocytes and many other cell types across species as distant as flies and humans. These microdomains are of a surprisingly constant size of less than or equal to 0.1 mm in all cell types, whereas the distance between them is variable. The microdomains co-ordinate signal transduction of specific cell-surface proteins and especially of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchored proteins into the cell, as is demonstrated for PrPc (cellular prion protein) in T-lymphocytes. These cells possess a pre-formed reggie cap scaffold consisting of densely packed reggie microdomains. PrPc is targeted to the lymphocyte reggie cap when activated by antibody cross-linking, and induces a distinct Ca2+ signal. In developing zebrafish, reggies become concentrated in neurons and axon tracts, and their absence, after morpholino antisense RNA-knockdown, results in deformed embryos with reduced brains. Likewise, defects in Drosophila eye morphogenesis occur upon reggie overexpression in mutant flies. The defects observed in the organism, as well as in single cells in culture, indicate a morphogenetic function of the reggies, with emphasis on the nervous system. This complies with their role as scaffolds for the formation of multiprotein complexes involved in signalling across the plasma membrane.
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January 2005
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Review Article|
January 01 2005
The 'lipid raft' microdomain proteins reggie-1 and reggie-2 (flotillins) are scaffolds for protein interaction and signalling.
Claudia A. O. Stuermer;
Claudia A. O. Stuermer
1
1Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
1To whom correspondence should be addressed ([email protected]).
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Helmut Plattner
Helmut Plattner
1Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Online ISSN: 1744-1439
Print ISSN: 0067-8694
© 2005 The Biochemical Society
2005
Biochem Soc Symp (2005) 72: 109–118.
Citation
Jeff McIlhinney, Nigel Hooper, Claudia A. O. Stuermer, Helmut Plattner; The 'lipid raft' microdomain proteins reggie-1 and reggie-2 (flotillins) are scaffolds for protein interaction and signalling.. Biochem Soc Symp 1 January 2005; 72 109–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bss0720109
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