Toll is a Drosophila gene essential for ontogenesis and anti-microbial resistance. Several orthologues of Toll have been identified and cloned in vertebrates, namely Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Human TLRs are a growing family of molecules involved in innate immunity. TLRs are characterized structurally by a cytoplasmic Toll/inter-leukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain and by extracellular leucine-rich repeats. TLRs characterized so far activate the MyD88/interleukin-l receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signalling pathway. Genetic, gene-transfer and dominant-negative approaches have involved TLR family members (TLR2 and TLR4) in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria recognition and signalling. Accumulating evidence suggests that TLR2 is also involved in signalling-receptor complexes that recognize components of yeast and mycobacteria. However, the definitive roles of other TLRs are still lacking. A systematic approach has been used to determine whether different human leucocyte populations selectively or specifically express TLR mRNA. Based on expression pattern, TLR can be classified as ubiquitous (TLR1), restricted (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5) and specific (TLR3). Expression and regulation of distinct but overlapping ligand-recognition patterns may underlie the existence of a large, seemingly redundant TLR family. Alternatively, the expression of a TLR in a single cell type may indicate a specific role for this molecule in a restricted setting.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
October 2000
-
Cover Image
Cover Image
- PDF Icon PDF LinkFront Matter
- PDF Icon PDF LinkTable of Contents
Conference Article|
October 01 2000
Toll-like receptor family and signalling pathway
M. Muzio;
1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute, via Eritrea 62, Milano, 1–20157, Italy
To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail [email protected])
Search for other works by this author on:
N. Polentarutti;
N. Polentarutti
1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute, via Eritrea 62, Milano, 1–20157, Italy
Search for other works by this author on:
D. Bosisio;
D. Bosisio
1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute, via Eritrea 62, Milano, 1–20157, Italy
Search for other works by this author on:
P. P. Manoj Kumar;
P. P. Manoj Kumar
1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute, via Eritrea 62, Milano, 1–20157, Italy
Search for other works by this author on:
A. Mantovani
A. Mantovani
1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute, via Eritrea 62, Milano, 1–20157, Italy
Search for other works by this author on:
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
July 31 2000
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© 2000 Biochemical Society
2000
Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): 563–566.
Article history
Received:
July 31 2000
Citation
M. Muzio, N. Polentarutti, D. Bosisio, P. P. Manoj Kumar, A. Mantovani; Toll-like receptor family and signalling pathway. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): 563–566. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0280563
Download citation file:
Sign in
Don't already have an account? Register
Sign in to your personal account
You could not be signed in. Please check your email address / username and password and try again.
Could not validate captcha. Please try again.
Biochemical Society Member Sign in
Sign InSign in via your Institution
Sign in via your InstitutionGet Access To This Article
Get Email Alerts
Open Access for all
We offer compliant routes for all authors from 2025. With library support, there will be no author nor reader charges in 5 journals. Check here |
![]() |