... Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) . ATM ATR CHK1 DNA damage response DNA-PK PARP Maintenance of DNA integrity is essential for the survival of all living organisms. The level of DNA damage inflicted from endogenous and environmental...

..., DNA repair and cell cycle transitions. The importance of the DDR is highlighted by the fact that DDR inactivation is commonly found in cancer and causes many different human diseases. The protein kinases ATM and ATR, as well as their budding yeast orthologs Tel1 and Mec1, act as master regulators...