...Glorianne Lazaro; Eleftherios Kostaras; Igor Vivanco Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is one of the commonest oncogenic events in human cancer. AKT is a key mediator of PI3K oncogenic function, and thus has been intensely pursued as a therapeutic target. Multiple AKT inhibitors, broadly...

...Katharina M. Siess; Thomas A. Leonard Akt is an essential protein kinase activated downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and frequently hyperactivated in cancer. Canonically, Akt is activated by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2, which phosphorylate...

... in our understanding of its localization and regulation by ubiquitination and SUMOylation. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email n.r.leslie@hw.ac.uk ). 26 11 2015 © 2016 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited 2016 AKT cancer phosphatase phosphoinositide 3...

...-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling cascade. Three isoforms of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3) function to regulate cell survival, growth, proliferation and metabolism. Strikingly, non-redundant and even opposing functions of Akt isoforms in the regulation of phenotypes associated...

...Aswin G. Abraham; Eric O’Neill Mutations activating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signalling pathway and inactivating the TP53 tumour-suppressor gene are common mechanisms that cancer cells require to proliferate and escape pre-programmed cell death. In a well-described mechanism, Akt...

...Camilla Norrmén; Ueli Suter Akt signalling has emerged as one of the major pathways involved in myelination, implicated in the regulation of several steps during the development of myelinating Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. One of the main pathways intimately linked with Akt is mTOR [mammalian...

...Edita Aksamitiene; Anatoly Kiyatkin; Boris N. Kholodenko In the present paper, we describe multiple levels of cross-talk between the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways. Experimental data and computer simulations demonstrate...

... encoding enzymes required for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Lipid metabolism is perturbed in some diseases and SREBP target genes, such as FASN (fatty acid synthase), have been shown to be up-regulated in some cancers. We have previously shown that mTORC1 plays a role in SREBP activation and Akt...

...) and Rag GTPases, acting upstream of mTORC1 [ 9 ]. More recently, rictor has also been shown to regulate autophagy, independently of mTORC1 in muscle cells under fasting conditions, where a decrease in Akt activity allowed FOXO transcription factors to enter the nucleus and transcriptionally regulate...

... ectopic activation of Akt in human RPE (retinal pigment epithelial) cells using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Medium metabolite concentrations were also monitored to determine changes in nutrient uptake and secretion. We observed that activation of Akt caused a significant increase in glucose and amino acid...

... subunit of PI3K and causes the PI3K-dependent phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B). Given that recombinant influenza A viruses unable to activate PI3K signalling are attenuated in tissue culture, the PI3K pathway could be a novel target for the development of future anti-influenza drugs. Akt...

...J.-H. Paik The mammalian FoxO (forkhead box O) transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3 and FoxO4 represent one of several effector arms of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)–Akt signalling network that has been linked to cancer, metabolism and aging. Specific roles of the FoxOs in the vascular cell...

... region, the level of PtdIns(3,4) P 2 is increased more in the nascent lamellipodia than in the plasma membrane. The distribution and time course of Akt activation are similar to those of increased PtdIns(3,4) P 2 levels. These observations suggest that the increase in PtdIns(3,4) P 2 and the subsequent...

..., we addressed whether PC to induce ischaemic tolerance also down-regulates Akt in PC12 cells. Our kinetic studies during the first 6 h of the 15 h severe OGD showed that phosphorylation of Akt did initially increase on Western blots with exposure to OGD, but that this increase was attenuated...

... transporters are endocytosed and degraded in the lysosome, effectively terminating the cell's ability to obtain nutrients. This results in a state of pseudostarvation in which cells atrophy and initiate a catabolic metabolic programme in the midst of abundant extracellular nutrients. Oncogenic forms of Akt can...

... few years, a variety of transgenic and knockout mouse models of PKB (protein kinase B)/Akt have been generated and investigated. In this paper, we focus on the phenotypes of these PKB/Akt overexpression and mutant mice that may help to elucidate the functions exerted by PKB/Akt in mammals. 350...

... 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 acetyl-CoA carboxylase Akt atherosclerosis diacylglycerol fatty acid oxidation fuel sensing oxidative stress protein kinase C tumour necrosis factor α Abbreviations used: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AICAR, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside...

... be addressed (e-mail grenal@biochem.dundee.ac.uk ) 11 3 2002 AKT CKI dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated kinase (DYRK) forkhead nuclear exclusion PI 3-kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKB, protein kinase B PDKI, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 GSK3...

... in the future. 1 e-mail: d.r.alessi@dundee.ac.uk 5 1 2001 © 2001 Biochemical Society 2001 Akt PKB PI 3-kinase PKC protein kinase AGC kinase AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase ARF, ADP-ribosylation factor eIF2B, eukaryotic initiation factor 2B ERK, extracellular-signal...