... ganglion cell function as well as photoreceptor homeostasis. In particular work from flies and zebrafish has highlighted the role of the E3 ligase enzyme family, Seven in Absentia Homologue (Siah) during these events. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of UPS activity during Drosophila...

... of the isopeptidic bond between the lysine substrate and the C-terminus of SUMO. In particular, we will focus on the recent discoveries on the catalytic function of the SUMO E3 ligases revealed by structural and biochemical approaches. Also, we will discuss important questions regarding specificity in SUMO...

... ). 1 12 2015 © 2016 Authors 2016 This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence 3.0 . ubiquitin E3 ligase RING RBR Fanconi anemia Parkin The E2 conjugating enzymes share a core ubiquitin...

... be recognized by proteins containing multiple SIMs. One protein that contains such a sequence of SIMs also contains a RING (really interesting new gene) domain that is the hallmark of a ubiquitin E3 ligase. This ubiquitin ligase known as RNF4 (RING finger protein 4) has the unique property that it can recognize...

... on understanding the role of these proteins as key regulators of mRNA turnover, the requirement for E3 ligase activity in mRNA decay remains unclear. It is remarkable that the ubiquitin system is involved, either directly or indirectly, in both the degradation of nucleic acids as well as proteins. These new RNA...

...Gemma Marfany; Amanda Denuc Ub (ubiquitin) and Ubls (Ub-like molecules) are peptide modifiers that change the fate and function of their substrates. A plethora of enzyme activities and protein cofactors are required for either the conjugation (mainly E3 ligases) or deconjugation of Ub and Ubls...

... surface receptors by the K3 family of viral and cellular ubiquitin E3 ligases Immunol. Rev. 2005 207 112 125 3 Morokuma Y. Nakamura N. Kato A. Notoya M. Yamamoto Y. Sakai Y. Fukuda H. Yamashina S. Hirata Y. Hirose S. MARCH-XI, a novel transmembrane...

...-regulator proteins for numerous transcription factors that also are often targets for SUMO modification. PIAS [protein inhibitor of activated STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)] proteins promote SUMOylation in a manner that resembles the action of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases. PIAS...

... of the SUMO pathway is through targeting the E3 ligases, and a number of different ways to achieve this have been identified. More generally, the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways represent one way through which SUMOylation of specific proteins is controlled, by using molecular mechanisms...

... to SUMO chain formation in vitro and SUMO E3 ligases further enhance SUMO polymerization. SUMO chain formation is reversible; SUMO polymers are disassembled by SUMO proteases both in vitro and in vivo . Despite recent progress, the functional relevance of SUMO polymerization is still unclear and little...

... (polycomb 2 protein) homologues, and review the known functions of the mammalian Pc2 focusing on its role as a SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) E3 ligase. Pc2 is an E3 for several SUMO substrates, but still appears to have a more limited repertoire than other SUMO E3s, perhaps due to its association...

... [email protected] 18 6 2004 © 2004 The Biochemical Society 2004 anaphase-promoting complex (APC) cell cycle cyclosome E3 ligase ubiquitin Most cellular proteins form a complex network of interactions with other proteins and many are components of large multiprotein...