.... Therefore, to improve butanol titers and yield, various butanol synthesis pathways have been engineered in Escherichia coli , a much more robust and convenient host than Clostridium species. This review mainly focuses on the biosynthesis of n-butanol in engineered E. coli with an emphasis on efficient...

.... Here, we review recent data indicating that the activity of the Escherichia coli lac operon promoter also depends upon its chromosomal location. Factors that affect promoter activity include the binding of nucleoid-associated proteins to neighbouring sequences, supercoiling and the activity...

...Douglas F. Browning; Rita E. Godfrey; Kirsty L. Richards; Colin Robinson; Stephen J.W. Busby The Escherichia coli lac operon promoter is widely used as a tool to control recombinant protein production in bacteria. Here, we give a brief review of how it functions, how it is regulated, and how, based...

... to nitrogen starvation has been well studied. The adaptive response to N starvation in Escherichia coli is primarily a ‘scavenging response’, which results in the transcription of genes required for the transport and catabolism of nitrogenous compounds. However, recent genome-scale studies have begun...

... clues as to how the molecular structures of these proteins control metal-activation profiles. Clostridium acetobutylicum Escherichia coli glyoxalase metal activation metalloenzyme protein structure 1 email [email protected] 6 1 2014 © The Authors Journal...

... on the adaptation process, and focus primarily on the subtype I-E CRISPR–Cas system of Escherichia coli . 1 To whom correspondence may be addressed (email [email protected] ). 24 6 2013 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2013 Biochemical Society 2013 clustered regularly interspaced...

...Gabriele Deckers-Hebestreit The ATP synthase (F o F 1 ) of Escherichia coli couples the translocation of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane by F o to ATP synthesis or hydrolysis in F 1 . Whereas good knowledge of the nanostructure and the rotary mechanism of the ATP synthase is at hand...

... or strands through the break. Although all type IA topoisomerases are related at the sequence, structure and mechanism levels, different type IA enzymes do not participate in the same cellular processes. We have studied the mechanism of DNA relaxation by Escherichia coli topoisomerases I and III using single...

...Ian Grainge FtsK is a multifunctional protein, which, in Escherichia coli , co-ordinates the essential functions of cell division, DNA unlinking and chromosome segregation. Its C-terminus is a DNA translocase, the fastest yet characterized, which acts as a septum-localized DNA pump. FtsK's C...

... of methods from the toolbox for chromosome-based heterologous expression in Escherichia coli . 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 8 6 2012 © 2012 The Authors Journal 2012 counter-selection Escherichia coli heterologous...

... of the protein machines within it. Our work focuses on the import mechanism of the group A endonuclease (DNase) colicin ColE9 into Escherichia coli , where we combine in vivo observations with structural, biochemical and biophysical approaches to dissect the molecular mechanism of colicin entry. ColE9 assembles...

... provide a brief introduction into the NO detoxification mechanisms of two members of the Enterobacteriaceae family: Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. These are discussed as comparative non-pathogenic and pathogenic model systems in order to investigate the importance...

... oxide) to harmless products. The highest rates of NO reduction by Escherichia coli K-12 were detected after anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate. Four proteins have been implicated as catalysts of NO reduction: the cytoplasmic sirohaem-containing nitrite reductase, NirB; the periplasmic...

...David J. Sherratt; Lidia K. Arciszewska; Estelle Crozat; James E. Graham; Ian Grainge Escherichia coli FtsK is a septum-located DNA translocase that co-ordinates the late stages of cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. Relatives of FtsK are present in most bacteria; in Bacillus subtilis...

... respiration. In Escherichia coli , the fumarate and nitrate reduction transcriptional regulator (FNR) controls this switch. Under O 2 -limiting conditions, FNR binds a [4Fe–4S] 2+ cluster, generating a transcriptionally active dimeric form. Exposure to O 2 results in conversion of the cluster into a [2Fe–2S...

...Daniel A. Bonsor; Nicola A. Meenan; Colin Kleanthous The translocation of protein toxins into a cell relies on a myriad of protein–protein interactions. One such group of toxins are enzymatic E colicins, protein antibiotics produced by Escherichia coli in times of stress. These proteins subvert...

...-understood process at the biochemical level, relatively little is known about its operation at the level of the whole-organelle/cell. We observed that a fluorescently labelled terminal oxidase, the cytochrome bd complex, is heterogeneously distributed in the Escherichia coli plasma membrane. This observation...

... to this, a conformation-linked mechanism for redox-driven proton translocation is discussed. By means of electron microscopy, we show that both arms of the Escherichia coli complex I are widened after the addition of NADH but not of NADPH. NADH-induced conformational changes were also detected in solution: ATR-FTIR...

...Thomas A. Clarke; Tracey Holley; Robert S. Hartshorne; Jim K. Fredrickson; John M. Zachara; Liang Shi; David J. Richardson The periplasmic nitrite reductase system from Escherichia coli and the extracellular Fe(III) reductase system from Shewanella oneidensis contain multihaem c -type cytochromes...

...David C. Grainger; Stephen J.W. Busby A major goal in the study of gene regulation is to untangle the transcription-regulatory networks of Escherichia coli and other ‘simple’ organisms. To do this we must catalogue the binding sites of all transcription factors. ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation...

... cytosolic forms in Escherichia coli . However, selective permeability of E. coli to many substrates and products can cause problems with product recovery when using whole-cell systems. To overcome these problems, we have been developing approaches to facilitate export of functional recombinant haemoproteins...

... these questions, we have expressed and purified five S. coelicolor P450s, four FdRs and six Fdxs in Escherichia coli . Of the purified P450s, CYP105D5 has fatty acid hydroxylation activity in a system reconstituted with putidaredoxin reductase and Fdx4 or with spinach FdR and spinach Fdx, although...

...S. Spiro Exposure of Escherichia coli to nitric oxide (NO) or nitrosating agents causes significant changes in patterns of gene expression. Three recent studies have used microarrays to analyse the response of the E. coli transcriptome to NO and nitrosative stress. Drawing on the array data, I...

.../reduction proteins of Gram-negative bacteria [ 1 ]. We have investigated this hypothesis using variants of Escherichia coli cytochrome b 562 . Following introduction of cysteines by mutagenesis to create a c -type cytochrome CXXCH haem-binding motif, this protein can be matured correctly...

...J.D. Gwyer; D.J. Richardson; J.N. Butt Escherichia coli cytochrome c nitrite reductase is one of a large family of homologous enzymes that are particularly prevalent in pathogenic enterobacteria. The enzymes are periplasmic and in vivo may find themselves challenged by molecules that could enhance...

... exclusively works as a proton pump. Recently, it has been proposed that complex I from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli work as Na + pumps. We have used an E. coli complex I preparation to determine the type of ion(s) translocated by means of enzyme activity, generation of a membrane potential...