... Read & Publish agreement with Portland Press and the Biochemical Society under a transformative agreement with JISC. bursting enhancers LLPS parameter inference RNA polymerase transcription Transcriptional bursting has become a popular concept in recent years. It refers...

...Yi Liu; Haibin Liu; Fan Zhang; Hong Xu Mitochondrial DNA replication is initiated by the transcription of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRNAP), as mitochondria lack a dedicated primase. However, the mechanism determining the switch between continuous transcription and premature termination...

... of ncRNA gene transcription by the three human nuclear RNA polymerases. Emerging common features, like the heterogeneity of chromatin states within ncRNA multigene families and their influence on 3D genome organization, point to unexplored issues whose investigation could lead to a better understanding...

... a transcription apparatus including a eukaryote-like RNA polymerase along with a combination of virus-specific, and host-related transcription factors homologous to the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TFIIB. Despite its high impact, the molecular basis and temporal regulation of ASFV transcription is not well...

... to rifampicin via mutation of RNA polymerase (RNAP) at the rifampicin-binding pocket [ 6 ]. Strains resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid are considered multidrug-resistant (MDR). Drugs which are currently used in clinical trials, such as bedaquiline (inhibition of ATP synthase), delamanid (cell wall...

...Kevin Kramm; Christoph Engel; Dina Grohmann In all domains of life, the regulation of transcription by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is achieved at the level of initiation to a large extent. Whereas bacterial promoters are recognized by a σ-factor bound to the RNAP, a complex set...

...Hamed Mosaei; John Harbottle Transcription, the first phase of gene expression, is performed by the multi-subunit RNA polymerase (RNAP). Bacterial RNAP is a validated target for clinical antibiotics. Many natural and synthetic compounds are now known to target RNAP, inhibiting various stages...

... RNA polymerase transcriptomics Conditions that sustain constant bacterial growth are seldom found in nature. Bacterial growth is often limited by the availability of nutrients: soil, water, and even host environments such as macrophages can lack essential nutrients to support growth. Hence...

... Biochemical Society 2013 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) CRISPR RNA (crRNA) RecA RNA polymerase Type III CRISPR In prokaryotes, CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) are involved in an interference...

...Magdalena N. Wojtas; Nicola G.A. Abrescia In recent years, emerging structural information on the a RNAP (archaeal RNA polymerase) apparatus has shown its strong evolutionary relationship with the eukaryotic counterpart, RNA Pol (polymerase) II. A novel atomic model of Ssh RNAP ( Sulfolobus...

...Fabian Blombach; Tina Daviter; Daniel Fielden; Dina Grohmann; Katherine Smollett; Finn Werner All RNAPs (RNA polymerases) repeatedly make use of their DNA template by progressing through the transcription cycle multiple times. During transcription initiation and elongation, distinct sets...

...Magdalena Wojtas; Bibiana Peralta; Marina Ondiviela; Maria Mogni; Stephen D. Bell; Nicola G.A. Abrescia We review recent results on the complete structure of the archaeal RNAP (RNA polymerase) enzyme of Sulfolobus shibatae . We compare the three crystal forms in which this RNAP packs (space groups...

...Hans Heindl; Pamela Greenwell; Noam Weingarten; Tamas Kiss; Gabor Terstyanszky; Robert O.J. Weinzierl RNAPs (RNA polymerases) are complex molecular machines that contain a highly conserved catalytic site surrounded by conformationally flexible domains. High-throughput mutagenesis in the archaeal...

...Dina Grohmann; Daniel Klose; Daniel Fielden; Finn Werner The complex organization of the transcription machinery has been revealed mainly by biochemical and crystallographic studies. X-ray structures describe RNA polymerases and transcription complexes on an atomic level, but fail to portray...

... compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 coupling histone modification nucleosome RNA polymerase small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) spliceosome When protein encoding transcripts are produced by RNAPII (RNA polymerase II), they are subject to processing at their 5′-ends...

...Robert O.J. Weinzierl RNAPs (RNA polymerases) are complex molecular machines containing structural domains that co-ordinate the movement of nucleic acid and nucleotide substrates through the catalytic site. X-ray images of bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic RNAPs have provided a wealth...

...Dina Grohmann; Angela Hirtreiter; Finn Werner All cellular life depends on multisubunit RNAPs (RNA polymerases) that are evolutionarily related through the three domains of life. Archaeal RNAPs encompass 12 subunits that contribute in different ways to the assembly and stability of the enzyme...

...Michael Thomm; Christoph Reich; Sebastian Grünberg; Souad Naji The recent success in reconstitution of RNAPs (RNA polymerases) from hyperthermophilic archaea from bacterially expressed purified subunits opens the way for detailed structure–function analyses of multisubunit RNAPs. The archaeal...

...I. Faro-Trindade; P.R. Cook Many cellular functions take place in discrete compartments, but our textbooks make little reference to any compartments involved in transcription. We review the evidence that active RNA polymerases and associated factors cluster into ‘factories’ that carry out many...

... within a transcriptional activator can lead to DNA opening and transcription. The bacterial EBPs (enhancer binding proteins) that belong to the AAA + (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) protein family remodel the RNAP (RNA polymerase) holoenzyme containing the σ 54 factor and convert...

...-bound CRP molecule. We show that the upstream-bound CRP contributes to transcription activation by improving the recruitment of RNA polymerase. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 9 6 2006 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 activation...

...P. Cramer Here, I review three new structural studies from our laboratory. First, the crystal structure of RNA polymerase (Pol) II in complex with an RNA inhibitor revealed that this RNA blocks transcription initiation by preventing DNA loading into the active-centre cleft. Secondly, the structure...

...S. Kelly; B. Wickstead; K. Gull African trypanosomes employ both Pol I (RNA polymerase I) and Pol II to transcribe protein-coding genes in large polycistronic units of up to 50 genes. Subsequent processing produces mature capped mRNAs. Evidence suggests that regulation of gene expression...

... for shortterm studies of gene expression, it cannot substitute for the utility of knockout mouse models. This is not a concern in organisms such as C. elegans , because they express an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that facilitates the propagation of siRNA expression. In these systems, the suppressed phenotype...