.... Substantial evidence now demonstrates that astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses also influence pathology development, synapse health and neurodegeneration in AD. Several anti-inflammatory therapies targeting astrocytes show significant benefit in models of disease, particularly with respect to tau...

...Isabella Farhy Tselnicker; Matthew M. Boisvert; Nicola J. Allen Astrocytes modulate many aspects of neuronal function, including synapse formation and the response to injury. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate some of the effects of astrocytes on synaptic function, and participate...

...Amy M. Birch Astrocytes were historically classified as supporting cells; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that they actively contribute to neuronal functioning under normal and pathological conditions. As interest in the contribution of neuroinflammation to Alzheimer's disease (AD...

... small oligomeric species formed during the aggregation of Aβ in the neuronal toxicity and cognitive deficits associated with AD. We have demonstrated that oligomers, but not monomers, of Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 were found to induce calcium signalling in astrocytes but not in neurons. This cell specificity...

...Margit S. Müller Astrocytic glycogen degradation is an important factor in metabolic support of brain function, particularly during increased neuronal firing. In this context, glycogen is commonly thought of as a source for the provision of energy substrates, such as lactate, to neurons. However...

..., which maintain the well-being and function of neurons. Still, the study of age-related changes in neuron–glia signalling is far from complete. We have shown previously that cortical astrocytes are capable of releasing ATP by a quantal soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein...

...Karen F.S. Bell Neurons are more vulnerable to oxidative stress than astrocytes, the reasons for which have yet to be fully elucidated. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms which contribute to this enhanced vulnerability is key to efforts aimed at ameliorating neuronal health...

...Michaela C. Hohnholt; Ralf Dringen Astrocytes are considered key regulators of the iron metabolism of the brain. These cells are able to rapidly accumulate iron ions and various iron-containing compounds, store iron efficiently in ferritin and also export iron. The present short review summarizes...

...Christopher F. Rose; Alexei Verkhratsky; Vladimir Parpura The multifunctional properties of astrocytes signify their importance in brain physiology and neurological function. In addition to defining the brain architecture, astrocytes are primary elements of brain ion, pH and neurotransmitter...

...Ulyana Lalo; Jemma Andrew; Oleg Palygin; Yuriy Pankratov The importance of communication between neuronal and glial cells for brain function is recognized by a modern concept of ‘tripartite synapse’. Astrocytes enwrap synapses and can modulate their activity by releasing gliotransmitters...

... lacking MCO. In fact, we propose a role for neuronal iron starvation with associated astrocyte and microglial iron overload. With the defect in aceruloplasminaemia being one of inefficient iron efflux from macrophages, we believe that the iron is trapped in a compartment not readily available...

... evidence now strongly suggests that the NO-mediated inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, may be a further step of a cell signalling process involved in the regulation of important cellular functions. In most cells, including neurons and astrocytes...

...J.A. Green; J.S. Friedland The CNS (central nervous system) has a unique pattern of immune response to infection. TB (tuberculosis) of the CNS is devastating with widespread tissue destruction. In TB, astrocyte–leucocyte interactions are key in regulating MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity...