...Kazuhiko Matsuda Pyrethrins are natural insecticides biosynthesised by Asteraceae plants, such as Tanacetum cinerariifolium and have a long history, dating back to ancient times. Pyrethrins are often used as low-persistence and safe insecticides to control household, horticultural, and agricultural...

... mechanisms. Among these, oxidative enzymes play an outstanding role during the biosynthesis and degradation of Pns. They are to a high extent responsible for the structural diversity of Pn secondary metabolites and for the break-down of both man-made and biogenic Pns. Here, we review our current...

...-ND) . antibiotics biosynthesis drug discovery and design metabolic engineering Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections pose a serious threat to society [ 1 ], driving the need to discover and develop new antimicrobial molecules. Promising sources of such antimicrobials are naturally...

..., during the biosynthesis of this cofactor. LarB uses a novel carboxylation mechanism involving the transient formation of a cysteinyl-pyridinium adduct. Depending on the source of the enzyme, LarEs either catalyze a sacrificial sulfur transfer from a cysteinyl side chain resulting in the formation...

... described for some of the steps. The innate immune system depletes cellular tryptophan in response to infection in order to inhibit microbial growth, and this effect is likely to be important for the efficacy of tryptophan biosynthesis inhibitors as new antibiotics. Allosteric inhibitors of both the first...

... of glycosyltransferases within compartments of the Golgi apparatus may play a role in mitigating the glycan variability caused by enzyme promiscuity. The biosynthesis of several physiologically important small molecules and oligosaccharides requires the covalent attachment of monosaccharides. This process, termed...

... a flexible phosphopantetheinyl arm, which transfers the growing chain to the catalytic sites of other domains [ 9 – 11 ]. In polyketide biosynthesis the starting monomer is typically acetyl CoA and the extender units are malonyl or methyl malonyl CoA which are used to extend the polyketide chain via...

...Wessel J.A. Moolman; Marianne de Villiers; Erick Strauss The biosynthesis and utilization of CoA (coenzyme A), the ubiquitous and essential acyl carrier in all organisms, have long been regarded as excellent targets for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Moreover, bioinformatics...

... research and focus for new drugs to combat multidrug-resistant TB. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 9 4 2008 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 arabinogalactan biosynthesis cell wall drug target...

...E. Glawischnig The biosynthesis of camalexin, the main phytoalexin of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , involves at least two CYP (cytochrome P450) steps. It is synthesized from tryptophan via indole-3-acetaldoxime in a reaction catalysed by CYP79B2 and CYP79B3. Based on the pad3 mutant...

... of tetrapyrroles in plants. biosynthesis chlorophyll haem plant tetrapyrrole protoporphyrin IX regulation Tetrapyrroles are essential molecules in living organisms and perform a multitude of functions throughout development. The most abundant tetrapyrrole in plants is chlorophyll, the pigment...

...D. Heldt; A.D. Lawrence; M. Lindenmeyer; E. Deery; P. Heathcote; S.E. Rigby; M.J. Warren The aerobic biosynthetic pathway for vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) biosynthesis is reviewed. Particular attention is focused on the ring contraction process, whereby an integral carbon atom of the tetrapyrrole...

... centred on the occurrence and function of siderophores in the various bacterial and fungal genera. 1 E-mail [email protected] 18 3 2002 © 2002 Biochemical Society 2002 biosynthesis ecology stereochemistry Biometals 2002: Third International Biometals...