...Cinzia Buccoliero; Angela Oranger; Graziana Colaianni; Patrizia Pignataro; Roberta Zerlotin; Roberto Lovero; Mariella Errede; Maria Grano The myokine Irisin, produced during physical exercise, has an anabolic effect on bone, both in vitro and in vivo . Very recently, using a controlled in vitro 3D...

...Eric Madsen; Merjem Mededovic; David H. Kohn Bone plays critical roles in support, protection, movement, and metabolism. Although bone has an innate capacity for regeneration, this capacity is limited, and many bone injuries and diseases require intervention. Biomaterials are a critical component...

...Benjamin B. Rothrauff; Rocky S. Tuan Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace...

...G. Mueller; R.G.G. Russell Osteoporosis is a very common disorder and much has been learnt in recent years about the many pathogenic processes that contribute to bone loss and fragility. Drug treatments are now available to prevent bone loss and reduce fracture, and there are prospects...

...A. H. Reddi The origin and evolution of multicellular metazoa was accompanied by the appearance of extracellular matrix. The demineralized extracellular matrix of bone is enriched in morphogenetic proteins that induce bone. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are intimately bound to collagens. BMP-4...