... commonly hyperactivated pathways in breast cancer, leading to increased tumor growth and progression. PI3K hyperactivation occurs via a number of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms including mutation or amplification of PIK3CA , the gene encoding the p110α subunit of PI3Kα, as well as via dysregulation...

... phenotype through both RB1 maintenance and TSC1 degradation . Int. J. Mol. Med. 18 , 425 – 432 PMID: 16865226 8 Melkoumian , Z.K. , Peng , X. , Gan , B. , Wu , X. and Guan , J.L. ( 2005 ) Mechanism of cell cycle regulation by FIP200 in human breast cancer cells . Cancer...

...Charlotte Roelofs; Frédéric Hollande; Richard Redvers; Robin L. Anderson; Delphine Merino Until recently, established cancer cell lines have been used extensively in breast cancer research, due largely to the difficulties associated with the manipulation and long-term maintenance in culture...

...Joy M. Burchell; Richard Beatson; Rosalind Graham; Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou; Virginia Tajadura-Ortega Changes in mucin-type O-linked glycosylation are seen in over 90% of breast cancers where increased sialylation is often observed and a change from branched glycans to linear glycans is often...

... to eliminate the primary tumor, prevent reoccurrence and metastasis, and enhance the treatment of breast cancer. Correspondence: William D. Carlson ( [email protected] ; [email protected] ) 1 10 2016 5 12 2016 8 12 2016 © 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press...

... ]. acetyltransferase anacardic acid bisubstrate breast cancer curcumin garcinol HAT histone HTATIP inhibitor KAT Kat5 Lys-CoA lysine MG-149 NU9056 pentamidine TH1834 Tip60 Modifications to histones (such as methylation, phosphorylation and acetylation) are used to regulate chromatin structure...

... −/− Akt3 −/− mice are viable, but are significantly smaller and insulin resistant and exhibit reduced brain and testes size [ 33 ]. Isoform-specific roles in cancer are also emerging. Akt1 inhibits but Akt2 promotes breast cancer metastasis in murine models [ 34 , 35 ]; and Akt1 enhances whereas Akt3...

... A. Ellis; Borivoj Vojnovic; Anthony C.C. Coolen; Tony Ng Breast cancer heterogeneity demands that prognostic models must be biologically driven and recent clinical evidence indicates that future prognostic signatures need evaluation in the context of early compared with late metastatic risk prediction...

..., could also confer protection against cell death. Furthermore, its localization in cell and nuclear membranes in breast cancer biopsies of neoadjuvant-treated breast cancer patients was an indicator for poor survival and a predictor for the effectiveness of treatment. PKCη is also a novel biomarker...

... have yet to be developed for clinical evaluation, a number of catalytic as well as allosteric pan-Akt inhibitors have been developed and are currently in clinical trials. Recent work describing isoform-specific roles of Akt in breast cancer suggests that targeting all Akt isoforms may result...

... review focuses on the different known mechanisms partaking in said anti-tumour effects, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Their structure and reactivity allows flavonoids to work as antioxidant agents and phyto-oestrogens, modulating oestrogen signalling and metabolism to induce an overall anti...

...Helen Creedon; Adam Byron; Joanna Main; Larry Hayward; Teresa Klinowska; Valerie G. Brunton HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-targeted therapy in breast cancer is one of the earliest and arguably most successful examples of the modern class of targeted drugs. Initially identified...

... are in clinical trials. Unfortunately, current therapies for advanced cancers that target PI3K often lead to the development of resistance and relapse of the disease. It is therefore important to establish the molecular mechanisms of resistance to PI3K-targeted therapy. With the focus on breast cancer...

... (oestrogen receptors). ER status is important for the development, progression and treatment of breast cancer. miRNAs (microRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) of target mRNAs to reduce their stability and/or translation. miRNAs participate in oestrogen signalling...

... states. In the present paper, I describe a mechanism for the role of ZIP7 in the progression of breast cancer, identifying it as a new target in breast cancer. Furthermore, I document a link between another zinc transporter, LIV-1, and breast cancer metastasis, identifying it as a potential new...

... be addressed (email [email protected] ). 2 10 2006 © 2007 The Biochemical Society 2007 apoptosis breast cancer cell cycle neuroblastoma oxidative stress polyamine analogue From Tables 1 and 2 , it is obvious that treatment with 10 μM DENSPM for 24 and 48 h results...

...M.J. Bissell The interplay between genes and environment is complex, particularly when it comes to cancer. Studies on breast cancer cells have shown that environmental influences dominate over genotype in their effect on phenotype, and can cause cancerous cells to revert to a non-malignant...

...H. Wiseman; R. Duffy Steroids and related compounds are important in disease development and prevention, via steroid receptor-mediated and receptor-independent mechanisms. Interaction of endogenous oestrogens with the oestrogen receptor has unfortunate mitogenic effects in breast cancer. However...

...C. J. Kirk; R. M. Harris; D. M. Wood; R. H. Waring; P. J. Hughes Phytoestrogens are natural constituents of our diets that have been suggested to protect against hormone-dependent breast cancer. Some of the diverse effects of these compounds may be attributed to ligand-dependent differences...