... in an all-inclusive Read & Publish agreement with Portland Press and the Biochemical Society under a transformative agreement with CAUL. cytokines extracellular signal-regulated kinases inflammation innate immunity receptor signalling Toll-like receptors Cells utilise a range...

...Yehiel Zick Galectin-8 (Gal-8) belongs to a family of animal lectins that modulate cell adhesion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Recent studies have shown that mammalian Gal-8 induces in an autocrine and paracrine manner, the expression and secretion of cytokines...

...Jessica P. Elmore; Michael C. McGee; Natalie F. Nidetz; Orchi Anannya; Weishan Huang; Avery August CD4 + effector T cells effectuate T cell immune responses, producing cytokines to orchestrate the nature and type of immune responses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase IL-2 inducible T cell kinase...

..., or if they have evolved to function via alternative mechanisms of action. In this minireview, we examine the evidence that links pore-forming MACPF proteins to the control of growth factor and cytokine signalling. We will then attempt to reconcile how the MACPF domain may have been repurposed during evolution...

...Ian C. Scott; D. Gareth Rees; E. Suzanne Cohen Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines are important initiators of innate immunity and host defence; however, their uncontrolled activities can cause tissue-damaging inflammation. Consequently, IL-1 family cytokines have sophisticated regulatory...

... 2017 1 6 2017 © 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2017 biomarkers cytokines exercise oncology immune response physical training physiology Over the past 25 years, the field of clinical oncology has experienced...

...Benoit P. Nicolet; Fiamma Salerno; Monika C. Wolkers T cells release ample amounts of cytokines during infection. This property is critical to prevent pathogen spreading and persistence. Nevertheless, whereas rapid and ample cytokine production supports the clearance of pathogens, the production...

... biological phenomena, as important regulatory opportunities. © 2016 The Author(s). published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2016 cytokines growth factors intracellular transport rhomboids 1 email matthew.freeman@path.ox.ac.uk 26 1 2016...

...Fiamma Salerno; Monika C. Wolkers Cytotoxic T-cells are crucial to protect us from intracellular pathogens and malignant cells. When T-cells become activated, they rapidly secrete cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxic granules that are critical to clear infected cells. However, when not properly...

... nucleotide motif recognition pattern of the receptor. Surprisingly, we found that synthetic immunostimulatory motifs produce different cytokine induction profiles compared with natural CpG motifs. Importantly, we also found that some of these synthetic immunostimulatory motifs show optimal activity in both...

...C. M. Pond Adipose depots that contain lymph nodes, and probably intermuscular fat in skeletal and cardiac muscle, are specialized to provision adjacent tissue in a paracrine mode. Perinodal adipocytes respond selectively to various cytokines and incorporate proportionately more polyunsaturated...

..., and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express AAT. Basal AAT expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1α...

... in vitro is the protection from lysis of target cells by expression of HLA class I antigens. This might not be an accurate reflection of what happens in vivo . Another function of NK cells is the production of cytokines on contact with target cells. This could be an important outcome of the interaction...