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Keywords: diabetes
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Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2024) 52 (6): 2343–2358.
Published: 27 November 2024
...John C. Chatham; Adam R. Wende It is well established that diabetes markedly increases the risk of multiple types of heart disease including heart failure. However, despite substantial improvements in the treatment of heart failure in recent decades the relative increased risk associated...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2024) 52 (5): 2133–2144.
Published: 04 October 2024
... of diabetes. Recent findings highlight unresolved DNA damage as a key contributor to beta-cell defects in diabetes. Beta-cells face various stressors and metabolic challenges throughout life, rendering them susceptible to DNA breaks. The post-mitotic, long-lived phenotype of mature beta-cells further warrants...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2021) 49 (6): 2539–2548.
Published: 09 December 2021
...Mohamed Saleh; George K. Gittes; Krishna Prasadan Diabetes mellitus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. According to the CDC, in 2017, ∼34.2 million of the American population had diabetes. Also, in 2017, diabetes was the seventh leading cause...
Includes: Supplementary data
Articles
Trans-endothelial trafficking of metabolic substrates and its importance in cardio-metabolic disease
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2021) 49 (1): 507–517.
Published: 22 February 2021
... transcytosis in the diabetic vasculature is not known. However, circulating levels of FABP4 are inversely associated with endothelial function in patients with T2DM [ 43 ] and multiple signalling molecules known to be active in the diabetic state promote FABP4 expression (see below). Furthermore...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2021) 49 (1): 313–325.
Published: 01 February 2021
...Alisa Morss Clyne The endothelial cell response to glucose plays an important role in both health and disease. Endothelial glucose-induced dysfunction was first studied in diabetic animal models and in cells cultured in hyperglycemia. Four classical dysfunction pathways were identified, which were...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2017) 45 (2): 545–553.
Published: 13 April 2017
... pathophysiological processes. Early studies implicated increased protein O-GlcNAcylation as contributing to the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes, whereas subsequent studies demonstrated that acute increases in O -GlcNAc levels were protective against ischemia/reperfusion injury. There is now...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2015) 43 (5): 901–907.
Published: 09 October 2015
... is virtually complete ( Figure 1 A) [ 2 , 4 ]. ABCC8 diabetes KATP channels Kir6.2 SUR1 Sulphonylurea drugs have been used for over 60 years to treat type 2 diabetes [ 1 ]. These drugs share a common mechanism of action, which is also the case for the previously developed anti-hyperglycaemic...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (4): 1118–1122.
Published: 11 August 2014
...Suzanne Jackowski; Roberta Leonardi CoA (coenzyme A) is an essential cofactor that is emerging as a global regulator of energy metabolism. Tissue CoA levels are tightly regulated and vary in response to different conditions including nutritional state and diabetes. Recent studies reveal the ability...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (4): 928–933.
Published: 11 August 2014
...Andrew Shaw; Mary K. Doherty; Nicola J. Mutch; Sandra M. MacRury; Ian L. Megson Atherothrombotic disease is a well-recognized complication of diabetes and is a major contributor to the high morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Although there is substantial evidence linking diabetes...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 439–442.
Published: 20 March 2014
...Thomas Fleming; Peter P. Nawroth Patients suffering from DN (diabetic neuropathy) suffer from the coexistence of positive (i.e. pain, hypersensitivity, tingling, cramps, cold feet, etc.) and negative (i.e. loss of sensory perception, delayed wound healing, etc.) symptoms. Elevated blood glucose...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 523–527.
Published: 20 March 2014
...Branka Vulesevic; Ross W. Milne; Erik J. Suuronen Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes affects cardiac tissue through several different, yet interconnected, pathways. Damage to endothelial cells from direct exposure to high blood glucose...
Articles
Kate Geary, Leslie A. Knaub, Irene E. Schauer, Amy C. Keller, Peter A. Watson, Matthew W. Miller, Chrystelle V. Garat, Kristen J. Nadeau, Melanie Cree-Green, Subbiah Pugazhenthi, Judith G. Regensteiner, Dwight J. Klemm, Jane E.B. Reusch
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 231–238.
Published: 20 March 2014
... the problem of exercise defects in diabetes with basic research efforts in cell and rodent models and clinical research efforts in subjects with diabetes mellitus. CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein) regulates cellular differentiation of neurons, β-cells, adipocytes and smooth muscle cells...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 419–424.
Published: 20 March 2014
..., HAGH (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase), has a regulatory p53-response element. Glo1 is linked to healthy aging, obesity, diabetes and diabetic complications, chronic renal disease, cardiovascular disease, other disorders and multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Mathematical modelling...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 528–533.
Published: 20 March 2014
... in diabetic patients, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Regarding macrovascular complications, especially atherosclerotic lesions, the impact of Glo1 is even less clear. In the present article, we review the latest findings regarding the role of Glo1 and MG in vascular biology and the pathophysiology...
Articles
Tanecia Mitchell, Balu Chacko, Scott W. Ballinger, Shannon M. Bailey, Jianhua Zhang, Victor Darley-Usmar
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2013) 41 (1): 127–133.
Published: 29 January 2013
...Tanecia Mitchell; Balu Chacko; Scott W. Ballinger; Shannon M. Bailey; Jianhua Zhang; Victor Darley-Usmar Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a broad range of pathologies including diabetes, ethanol toxicity, metabolic syndrome and cardiac failure. It is now becoming clear that maintaining...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2011) 39 (6): 1601–1605.
Published: 21 November 2011
... receptor Diabetes Metab. 2005 31 23 27 7 Bishop-Bailey D. Hla T. Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 J. Biol. Chem. 1999 274 17042 17048 8 Xin X. Yang S. Kowalski J...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2010) 38 (5): 1179–1188.
Published: 24 September 2010
... -acetylglucosamine) modification is one such glycosylation with considerable medical interest, reflecting its implication in diseases such as Type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. In the present paper, we review recent structural and mechanistic studies into the enzymes responsible for this modification...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (5): 946–949.
Published: 19 September 2008
...Luigi Gnudi The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes, and the parallel rising incidence of end-stage renal disease, is progressively increasing worldwide. Kidney disease is one of the major chronic microvascular complications of diabetes, and both metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations participate in its...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (5): 909–915.
Published: 19 September 2008
... to human neurodegenerative, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. The ER stress response has also been implicated in diabetes development, affecting both insulin production by pancreatic β-cells and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. In the present mini-review, we focus on recent...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (5): 930–934.
Published: 19 September 2008
...Ning Li; Francesca Frigerio; Pierre Maechler Pancreatic β-cells are essential for the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis, and dysfunction of these insulin-secreting cells results in the development of diabetes. In the course of events leading from obesity to Type 2 diabetes, several mechanisms...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (5): 901–904.
Published: 19 September 2008
...Vincent Poitout The glucolipotoxicity hypothesis postulates that chronically elevated levels of glucose and fatty acids adversely affect pancreatic β-cell function and thereby contribute to the deterioration of insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetes. Whereas ample experimental evidence in in vitro...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (5): 920–929.
Published: 19 September 2008
...Cécile Guichard; Richard Moreau; Dominique Pessayre; Terry Kay Epperson; Karl-Heinz Krause The incidence of obesity and non-esterified (‘free’) fatty acid-associated metabolic disorders such as the metabolic syndrome and diabetes is increasing dramatically in most countries. Although...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (5): 963–965.
Published: 19 September 2008
...Anath Shalev Glucotoxicity plays a major role in pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and diabetes progression, but the factors involved have remained largely unknown. Our recent studies have identified TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) as a novel pro-apoptotic β-cell factor that is induced by glucose...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 267–271.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Guy A. Rutter; F. Susan Wong Defective insulin secretion is a hallmark of all forms of diabetes. Whereas Type 1 diabetes has long been known to result from the immune-mediated destruction of β-cells, Type 2 diabetes appears to involve both loss of β-cell mass and glucose sensitivity in the face...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 328–333.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Conny Gysemans; Hanne Callewaert; Lutgart Overbergh; Chantal Mathieu IFNγ (interferon γ), a cytokine typically secreted by infiltrating immune cells in insulitis in Type 1 diabetes, is by itself not detrimental to β-cells, but, together with other cytokines, such as IL-1β (interleukin 1β) and TNFα...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 357–359.
Published: 21 May 2008
...Merewyn K. Loder; Gabriela da Silva Xavier; Angela McDonald; Guy A. Rutter Genetic studies have linked the risk of Type 2 diabetes with SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the gene encoding the Wnt signalling-associated transcription factor, TCF7L2 (T-cell factor 7-like 2). The risk alleles...
Articles
Gabriela Ridner, Reut Bartoov-Shifman, Tatyana Zalogin, Tali Avnit-Sagi, Keren Bahar, Revital Sharivkin, Lia Kantorovich, Sara Weiss, Michael D. Walker
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 360–362.
Published: 21 May 2008
.... 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 27 1 2008 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 diabetes enhancer fatty acid FFAR1 GPR40 transcription In recent years, it has become clear that the view...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 300–305.
Published: 21 May 2008
... The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 diabetes disallowed gene forbidden gene glucose sensing hypoglycaemia inappropriate insulin release As often stated in the world of islet biologists, the β-cell is a specialized cell type, unique in its physiological...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 343–347.
Published: 21 May 2008
..., DNA damage and interference of reactive species with signal transduction pathways, which contribute significantly to β-cell dysfunction and death in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen species, superoxide radicals (O 2 •− ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and, in a final iron-catalysed...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 286–289.
Published: 21 May 2008
... demands, such as during disease, aging or pregnancy. Variations in the β-cell mass have been reported in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients [ 1 – 5 ]. The molecular basis of this adaptive process involves other cell types in addition to β-cells, probably through the activation of multiple players...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (3): 316–320.
Published: 21 May 2008
... in animal models to be important both in the early stages of diabetes development and in the final effector stages. Recently, there has also been much interest in studying CD8 + T-cells that may play a role in human Type 1 diabetes and identifying their antigenic targets. The present paper will focus...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (5): 1205–1207.
Published: 25 October 2007
... in the β-cell's development, differentiation and function. However, chronic activation of PERK can induce cell death, and its activation has been implicated in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. This short review aims to provide an insight into our current understanding of the role of PERK in the life...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (5): 1175–1179.
Published: 25 October 2007
...E.P. Wijekoon; M.E. Brosnan; J.T. Brosnan An increase in the plasma level of Hcy (homocysteine), an intermediate in the catabolism of methionine, has been identified as a risk factor for many diseases including CVD (cardiovascular disease). CVD is the major cause of death in patients with diabetes...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (5): 1180–1186.
Published: 25 October 2007
... metabolism diabetes gene expression glucose insulin secretion mitochondrion The endocrine islets of Langerhans contain four major cell types: insulin-secreting β-cells, glucagon-secreting α-cells, somatostatin-releasing δ-cells and pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells. Nutrients, hormones...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (5): 1295–1297.
Published: 25 October 2007
...B.K. Pedersen Low-grade chronic inflammation is a feature of Type 2 diabetes and appears to play a pathogenetic role in insulin resistance. It is well known that cytokines, besides their immunoregulatory roles, are important players in metabolism. Moreover, it has become evident that skeletal...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (3): 484–486.
Published: 22 May 2007
... © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) cardiovascular disease chylomicron diabetes dyslipidaemia obesity Diet and Cardiovascular Health: Chylomicron Remnants and Their Emerging Roles in Vascular Dysfunction in Atherogenesis: Biochemical Society Focused...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (2): 257–259.
Published: 20 March 2007
... enzyme in insulin signalling regulating glucose uptake and cell growth. Therefore PTEN has recently moved into the spotlight as a drug target in diabetes. This review summarizes studies undertaken on PTEN's role in glucose uptake, insulin resistance, diabetes and its controversial role in GLUT (glucose...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (2): 219–221.
Published: 20 March 2007
... is a characteristic feature of diabetes and many forms of human cancer. Recent molecular genetic studies initiated in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster , have highlighted two new cell-type-specific mechanisms regulating PI3K/Akt signalling and its downstream effects. First, the cellular response to this cassette...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (5): 774–778.
Published: 25 October 2006
...P.R. Flatt; B.D. Green Increasing prevalence of obesity combined with longevity will produce an epidemic of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in the next 20 years. This disease is associated with defects in insulin secretion, specifically abnormalities of insulin secretory kinetics...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (5): 770–773.
Published: 25 October 2006
..., such as diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 21 6 2006 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 Information Processing and Molecular Signalling: A Focus Topic at BioScience2006, held at SECC Glasgow, U.K...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (5): 824–827.
Published: 25 October 2006
... of insulin exocytosis. Mitochondrial defects, such as mutations and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, might be associated with β-cell failure in the course of diabetes. mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) mutation A3243G is associated with MIDD (mitochondrial inherited diabetes and deafness). A common...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (5): 798–801.
Published: 25 October 2006
...X. Fang; G. Sweeney Nutritional control of molecular events has become of great interest given the increased incidence of diet-induced obesity, and consequently Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, in recent years. The altered adipose tissue content in obese individuals results in an altered...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (2): 243–246.
Published: 20 March 2006
... and studies of the regulation of K ATP channel activity by nucleotides. It then considers the molecular mechanism by which gain-of-function mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit of the K ATP channel reduce channel inhibition by ATP and thereby lead to neonatal diabetes, and how identification of these mutations has...
Articles
I.G. Gonzalez-Herrera, L. Prado-Lourenco, S. Teshima-Kondo, K. Kondo, F. Cabon, J.-F. Arnal, F. Bayard, A.-C. Prats
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (1): 17–21.
Published: 20 January 2006
... of the IRES in the activation of FGF-2 expression in testis maturation and brain function. We have explored translational control of FGF-2 mRNA under diabetic hyperglycaemic conditions, as FGF-2 is implied in diabetes-related vascular complications. FGF-2 IRES is specifically activated in the aorta wall...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (2): 350–353.
Published: 01 April 2005
... in humans, monkeys and rodents. In humans, defects in aPKC in muscle are seen in Type II diabetes and its precursors, obesity, the obesity-associated polycystic ovary syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance. These defects in muscle aPKC activation are due to both impaired activation of insulin receptor...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (2): 367–370.
Published: 01 April 2005
... substrates. A number of PDHK inhibitors are now available to enable this mechanism to be evaluated as a therapy for diabetes. The isoenzyme selectivity profile of AZD7545 and related compounds will be described and evidence for their non-ATP-competitive mode of action presented. These compounds increase PDH...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (2): 371–374.
Published: 01 April 2005
... in man can be inactivating, to cause a form of diabetes mellitus, or activating, to lower blood glucose levels. Recently, models of GK protein structure have helped to elucidate the role of inactivating and activating mutations, with the latter revealing an allosteric binding site, possibly...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2004) 32 (5): 803–808.
Published: 26 October 2004
... overlapping roles and have been implicated in a variety of human pathologies, including Type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder and cancer. Recently, the modes of regulation of this enzyme have been elucidated through a combination of structural and cell biological studies. A series...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2004) 32 (1): 59–64.
Published: 01 February 2004
... at Keble College, Oxford, 7–11 September 2003 7 September 2003 © 2004 Biochemical Society 2004 diabetes fatty acid insulin lipolysis Abbreviations used: TAG, triacylglycerol; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; apoB, apolipoprotein B; DGAT...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2003) 31 (6): 1367–1371.
Published: 01 December 2003
... is increased in diabetes mellitus, and it can react with amino groups of proteins to generate advanced glycation end products. Indeed, cell surface receptors probably recognize physiological levels of methylglyoxal-derived glycation products more than glucose-derived products [3 5]. Many metabolites...
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