... factor) and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) families. Embryonic stem cells derived from mice with mutations in components of the HS biosynthetic pathway provide an opportunity to dissect the contribution of HS to signalling pathways critical for regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation...

... of pluripotent cells in vitro . Recent studies have, however, found that the choice of culture condition has a significant impact on epigenetic profiles of cultured pluripotent cells. Mouse and human ESCs (embryonic stem cells) show substantial epigenetic differences that are dependent on the culture condition...

...Melanie J. Welham; Emmajayne Kingham; Yolanda Sanchez-Ripoll; Benjamin Kumpfmueller; Michael Storm; Heather Bone ESCs (embryonic stem cells) are derived from the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos and are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into all of the cells that make up...

...Raymond A.A. Smith; Kate Meade; Claire E. Pickford; Rebecca J. Holley; Catherine L.R. Merry ES (embryonic stem) cell differentiation is dependent on the presence of HS (heparan sulfate). We have demonstrated that, during differentiation, the evolution of specific cell lineages is associated...

... alternative sources of human hepatocytes which circumvent these issues. The research in our group has focused on generating human hepatic endoderm from the scalable pluripotent stem cell populations, human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We have developed efficient and scalable models...

.... This is the foundation of mammalian development and of ES (embryonic stem) cell biology. What are the design principles of this naïve cell state? How is pluripotency acquired and maintained? Suppressing activation of ERKs (extracellular-signal-regulated kinases) is critical to establishing and sustaining ES cells...

...Ivana Barbaric; Paul J. Gokhale; Peter W. Andrews Human ES (embryonic stem) cells and iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells have been heralded as a source of differentiated cells that could be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes. Despite the great...

... to culture and characterize EC cells in vitro , culminated in the isolation of ES (embryonic stem) cell lines by explanting ICM cells from mouse embryos in 1981 [ 8 , 9 ]. However, the phenomenon of adaptation may also be put to good use. ‘Adapted’ ES cells that retain pluripotency may be simpler to use...

...A. Yates; I. Chambers Intrinsic regulators of the pluripotency of mouse ES (embryonic stem) cells include the homeodomain proteins Oct4 and the recently identified Nanog. When overexpressed, Nanog displays the unique attribute of robustly sustaining ES cell self-renewal in the absence...