...Francis B. Stephens; Kostas Tsintzas The molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying the increase in insulin sensitivity (i.e. increased insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake, phosphorylation and storage as glycogen) observed from 12 to 48 h following a single bout of exercise...

...Brian McDonagh; Giorgos K. Sakellariou; Malcolm J. Jackson Skeletal muscle represents a physiologically relevant model for the application of redox proteomic techniques to dissect its response to exercise and aging. Contracting skeletal muscles generate ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS...

... the problem of exercise defects in diabetes with basic research efforts in cell and rodent models and clinical research efforts in subjects with diabetes mellitus. CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein) regulates cellular differentiation of neurons, β-cells, adipocytes and smooth muscle cells...

...Thomas Gustafsson Exercise-induced angiogenesis in skeletal muscle involves both non-sprouting and sprouting angiogenesis and results from the integrated responses of multiple systems and stimuli. VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) levels are increased in exercised muscle and have been...

... and after exercise. Muscle VEGF mRNA and protein are increased severalfold after heavy exercise. Whereas global VEGF knockout is embryonically lethal, muscle-specific knockout is not, providing models for studying its functional significance. Its deletion in adult mouse skeletal muscle: (i) reduces muscle...

... of PPARβ/δ induces angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo , and has been suggested to be a critical component of the angiogenic switch in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, PPARβ/δ is an exercise mimetic and appears to contribute to the angiogenic remodelling of cardiac and skeletal muscle induced by exercise...

...James E. Turner; Jos A. Bosch; Sarah Aldred Vigorous exercise is associated with oxidative stress, a state that involves modifications to bodily molecules due to release of pro-oxidant species. Assessment of such modifications provides non-specific measures of oxidative stress in human tissues...

...T. Boonsong; L. Norton; K. Chokkalingam; K. Jewell; I. Macdonald; A. Bennett; K. Tsintzas SREBP-1c (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c) is a transcription factor that regulates genes associated with glucose and fatty acid metabolism and exhibits responsiveness to insulin and exercise. We...

.... In this mini-review focus is on AMPK and its regulatory role for glucose transport and GS (glycogen synthase) activity in skeletal muscle, indicating that AMPK is a GS kinase in vivo which might influence GS activity during exercise and that AMPK is involved in AICAR/hypoxia-induced glucose transport...

... in which rat muscle was per- Key words: AMP-activated protein kinase, energy metabolism, exercise, fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, metabolic syndrome. Abbreviations used: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AICA, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; CBS, cystathioninesynthase...

... based on a recent study, which provided evidence that the MLSS is independent of performance whereas MLSS workload increases with performance capacity, and by a computer-aided simulation. The simulated model modifies and combines previous theories put forward to explain the response of BLC to exercise...

...R.J. Maughan Diet can significantly influence exercise performance. Diet alone will not ensure successful performance in sport, but it plays a permissive role in allowing sustained intensive training with limited risk of illness and injury. Diet may also promote adaptations to training...

...A.E. Jeukendrup At rest and during exercise carbohydrate and fat are the predominant substrates. They are oxidized simultaneously but the relative contribution of these two substrates is dependent on a variety of factors including the exercise intensity and duration, diet, environmental conditions...

...A. Vasilaki; L.M Iwanejko; F. McArdle; C.S. Broome; M.J. Jackson; A. McArdle Skeletal muscle adapts rapidly following exercise by the increased production of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). The aim of this study was to examine the ability of muscle from adult and aged mice to produce HSPs following non...

..., a Biochemical Society-sponsored meeting held at University of Dundee, Scotland, 12–14 September 2002 10 September 2002 Copyright 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 AMP-activated protein kinase metabolism cholesterol exercise fatty acid glucose Abbreviations used: AMPK, AMP...

.... This, and the differential expression of metabolic genes, results in altered fatigue resistance and power output. The regulation of muscle mass involves autocrine as well as systemic factors. We have cloned the cDNAs of local and systemic isoforms of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) from exercised muscle. Although...

... Lactate shuttles in Nature G. A. Brooks' Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, 5 I0 I Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-34 10, U.S.A. ~ Abstract Once thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle...

...G. Wegener; U. Krause Glycolytic flux in white muscle can be increased several-hundredfold by exercise. Phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) is a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, but how its activity in muscle is controlled is not fully understood. In order not to neglect integrative aspects...

..., physiology and medicine has had a tremen- Key words: arterial spin labelling, chemical shift imaging, exercise, myoglobin. perfusion. Abbreviations used: ASL, arterial spin labelling; CSI, chemical shift imaging: Mb, myoglobin : MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy: PCr...

.... Although glycogen synthesis is one of the classical insulin-regulated pathways, it is also regulated in an insulin-independent manner; for example glycogen synthesis in muscle is stimulated significantly after strenuous exercise, with much of this stimulation being independent of the involvement of insulin...