...Max J. Cryle The cytochromes P450 (P450s) are a superfamily of oxidative haemoproteins that are capable of catalysing a vast range of oxidative transformations, including the oxidation of unactivated alkanes, often with high stereo- and regio-selectivity. Fatty acid hydroxylation by P450s...

... and putative structure of the major zinc site on albumin been reported. Intriguingly, this site is located at the interface between two domains, and involves two residues from each of domains I and II. Comparisons of X-ray crystal structures of free and fatty-acid bound human serum albumin suggest that zinc...

... insulin secretion stimulated by cAMP and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) [ 15 , 16 ]. Lipolytic activity in β-cells was initially suggested by studies in Corkey's group [ 15 ]: acidification and efflux of fatty acids in HIT-T15 cells in response to glucose and the incretin hormone GLP-1 were observed...

...Ruth Brownlie; Rachel M. Mayers; Jackie A. Pierce; Anna E. Marley; David M. Smith GPR40 (G-protein-coupled receptor 40) has been shown to be a physiologically relevant receptor for long-chain fatty acids. It is a family A G-protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in the β-cell where it increases...

...Gabriela Ridner; Reut Bartoov-Shifman; Tatyana Zalogin; Tali Avnit-Sagi; Keren Bahar; Revital Sharivkin; Lia Kantorovich; Sara Weiss; Michael D. Walker GPR40 {FFAR1 [non-esterified (‘free’) fatty acid receptor 1]} is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed preferentially in pancreatic β-cells. GPR40...

... with issues specific to fatty acid sensing and not the emergent acid pH-sensing mechanisms that may also be activated in the presence of free fatty acids. Although the GI tract is designed to respond to long-chain fats with maximal assimilatory efficiency, this is perhaps over-capable in the dominant...

... receptors and foam cell formation, or even improve the atherogenic risk of these particles. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 15 12 2006 © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 chylomicron fatty acid foam cell scavenger receptor triacylglycerol...

... fatty acid metabolism by altering NAD/NADH or by facilitating cycling of fatty acid anions. Recently, UCP2 has been proposed to keep insulin secretion low during starvation, a function under the control of the transcription co-repressor, surtuin-1, which has been shown to bind to the UCP2 promoter...

...S. Klumpp; M.-C. Thissen; J. Krieglstein This mini-review highlights the involvement of PP2C (protein phosphatase type 2C) family members α and β in apoptosis. The activity of these isoenzymes can be stimulated by unsaturated fatty acids with special structural features, e.g. oleic acid. Those...

...D.K. Covington; C.A. Briscoe; A.J. Brown; C.K. Jayawickreme Recent deorphanization efforts have paired the G-protein-coupled receptors GPR40, GPR41 and GPR43 with fatty acids as endogenous ligands. While carboxylic acids have been historically known to serve as fuel sources and biomarkers...

... of the 3243A>G mutation are generally not obese. The mutation also results in enhanced radical production by mitochondria. We propose that this mutation leads to the development of diabetes due to an inappropriate storage of triacylglycerols within adipocytes. The result is a fatty acid-induced...

...J. Garbarino; S.L. Sturley Fatty acids and sterols are vital components of all eukaryotic cells. Both are used as building blocks for numerous cellular processes such as membrane biosynthesis or hormone production (sterols). Furthermore, these compounds elicit a variety of effects intracellularly...

...F. Karpe; G.D. Tan Insulin resistance is often seen as a consequence of obesity and there are several possible links between adipose tissue function and insulin resistance determined in other organs such as skeletal muscle or liver. One such link is the regulation of NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid...

...V.A. Drover; N.A. Abumrad CD36 is an important regulator of lipid metabolism in vivo due to its role in the facilitated uptake of long-chain FAs (fatty acids). CD36-deficient mice display reduced TAG (triacylglycerol) in muscle, but elevated hepatic TAG. Also, insulin sensitivity is enhanced...

...H.M. Roche Nutrition is a key environmental factor that is particularly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of several polygenic, diet-related diseases. Nutrigenomics refers to the interaction between nutrition and the human genome. Dietary fatty acids interact with multiple nutrient...

... of dietary fatty acids on the synthesis, secretion and metabolism of chylomicrons, the large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins synthesized in the enterocyte following the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. This brief review considers current approaches to the investigation of chylomicron synthesis...

... of a process by which the liver protects vulnerable body tissues from excess lipotoxic non-esterified (‘free’) fatty acids in the plasma. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail [email protected] ). 44th International Conference on the Bioscience of Lipids, a meeting held...

...P.A. Grimaldi PPAR δ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ)-specific agonists decrease plasma lipids and insulinaemia in obese animals. As skeletal muscle is one of the major organs for fatty acid catabolism, we have investigated the roles of the nuclear receptor in the control of muscle...

...M.J. Holness; M.C. Sugden PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Regulation of PDC determines and reflects substrate preference and is critical to the ‘glucose–fatty acid cycle’, a concept...

..., a Biochemical Society-sponsored meeting held at University of Dundee, Scotland, 12–14 September 2002 10 September 2002 Copyright 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 AMP-activated protein kinase metabolism cholesterol exercise fatty acid glucose Abbreviations used: AMPK, AMP...

... that reliable estimates of acyl-CoA ester concentrations have been made for plants. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail [email protected] ) 2 E-mail [email protected] 26 6 2000 © 2000 Biochemical Society 2000 fatty acid HPLC lipid Lipid Analysis n...

...F. Jemal; M. Zarrouk; M. H. Ghorbal Seedlings (2 weeks old) of pepper ( Capsicum annum ) were grown in nutrient solution with added CdCl 2 (10 or 50μM) for 7 days. In Cd-treated plants, changes in acyl lipids and fatty acid composition were investigated. Cd particularly lowered the amount...

... to simultaneously convert 13-OTA to the corresponding ω-dicarboxylic acid and ω-hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail [email protected] ) 23 6 2000 © 2000 Biochemical Society 2000 cleavage dicarboxylic acid fatty acid hydroperoxide...

... that DGDG may substitute for phosphatidylcholine upon phosphate deprivation. dgdl mutant fatty acid lipid-substitution hypothesis phospholipid DGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol PG, phosphatidylglycerol PC, phosphatidylcholine SQDG, sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol Complex Lipid Biosynthesis...