...Natasha Jansz; Geoffrey J. Faulkner Whole genome sequencing of viruses provides high-resolution molecular insights, enhancing our understanding of viral genome function and phylogeny. Beyond fundamental research, viral sequencing is increasingly vital for pathogen surveillance, epidemiology...

...Grace A. Johnson; Samuel I. Gould; Francisco J. Sánchez-Rivera Recent advances in genome editing technologies are allowing investigators to engineer and study cancer-associated mutations in their endogenous genetic contexts with high precision and efficiency. Of these, base editing and prime...

...Ramzan Umarov; Chung-Chau Hon Enhancers are genomic regions that regulate gene transcription and are located far away from the transcription start sites of their target genes. Enhancers are highly enriched in disease-associated variants and thus deciphering the interactions between enhancers...

... variety of neurological disorders; therefore, discovering molecular regulators of memory may reveal therapeutic targets for these disorders. C. elegans are an excellent model to uncover molecular and genetic regulators of memory. Indeed, the nematode's invariant neuronal lineage, fully mapped genome...

... resistance mechanisms in diverse species. Recent advances in genomics approaches have provided a suitable framework to understand these phenotypes, which ultimately depend on genetically encoded determinants. In this work, we review how the study of genome sequences has been key to ascertain the bases...

... of the spectrum of possible phenotypic variation and the types of measurements that can be taken. Here, we highlight phenomics studies that use the budding yeast, a pioneer model organism for functional genomics research. We focus on genetic perturbation screens designed to explore genetic interactions, using...

... in preserving the heterogeneity of primary samples and are emerging as a new model to further characterise the molecular features of breast cancer. Organoids formed from patient-derived cells are now in use for the evaluation of drug sensitivity and to validate disease-causing genomic variations. Here...

... clock has undergone considerable development over the years, and it retains profound relevance in the genomic era. In this mini-review, we describe the history of the molecular clock, its impact on evolutionary theory, the challenges brought by evidence of evolutionary rate variation among species...

... as a highly organized supramolecular globule in the nucleus. Here, we discuss new insights into how genomic DNA is packaged and organized within interphase chromosomes. Our emphasis is on the structural principles that underlie chromosome organization, with a particular focus on the intrinsic contributions...

...Mikel Zaratiegui LTR (long terminal repeat) RTs (retrotransposons) are almost ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes. Their abundance and selfish properties make them a major influence in the regulation and evolution of their host genome. Recently, several striking properties of the LTR RTs of fission...

... ). 20 3 2012 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2013 Biochemical Society 2013 arm switching genomics intronic microRNA (intronic miRNA) linkage mirtron polycistronic transcript It has long been known that a single gene may produce multiple functional products. For example...

... the quinone/quinol pool in the inner membrane to Fe(III)-containing minerals external to the bacterial cells. A survey of microbial genomes has identified homologues of the Mtr pathway in other dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, including Aeromonas hydrophila , Ferrimonas balearica and Rhodoferax...

...Richard J. Roberts COMBREX (computational bridges to experimentation) is a project to engage the biological community in providing better functional annotation of genomes. In essence, the project involves the generation by computational biologists of a database of predicted functions for genes...

...Carlos Bricio; Laura Alvarez; Manuel J. Gómez; José Berenguer We have obtained draft genomic sequences of PD (partial denitrificant) and CD (complete denitrificant) strains of Thermus thermophilus . Their genomes are similar in size to that of the aerobic strains sequenced to date and probably...

... in both genomic and non-genomic effects. The genomic responses are largely mediated by MTF1 (metal-regulatory transcription factor 1), which binds to MREs (metal-response elements) in the 5′ regulatory region of genes in response to zinc. Treatment of cultured zebrafish ZF4 cells with siRNA (small...

...Y. Helariutta Vascular tissue in plants is unique due to its diverse and dynamic cellular patterns. Through research in several organisms, such as Arabidopsis , Populus and Zinnia , using biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches, significant progress has recently been made in revealing...

... in in vitro models of Type II diabetes. Complementary analyses of genome-wide changes in β-cell gene expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels, are now facilitating the identification of key molecular players whose altered expression may contribute to the secretory defects in the diabetic β-cell...

.... Finally the current state of the art is described for Bacillus genomics, with details given of three independent genome-sequencing projects of Geobacillus isolates. 214 Biochemical Society Transactions (2004) Volume 32, part 2 Habitat, applications and genomics of the aerobic, thermophilic genus...

... of many new species of Archaea and Bacteria from hot environments, as well as microbial genome sequencing and phylogenomic analyses. In view of the new wealth of genetic information generated from several analysed genomes of the hyperthermophiles, we can only conclude that the question of their exact...

... effort in which sophisticated experimental techniques are employed in combination with computational analysis and mathematical modelling. Such approaches are beginning to provide insight into basic structures and mechanisms, and promise to become critical to the post-genomic mission of understanding...

...G. Milligan G-protein-coupled receptors are the most tractable class of protein targets for small molecule drug design. Sequencing of the human genome allied to bio-informatic analysis has identified a large number of putative receptors for which the natural ligands remain undefined. A range...

...D. Bowles Glycosyltransferases transfer sugars from NDP-sugar donors to acceptors. The multigene family of transferases described in this paper typically transfer glucose from UDP-glucose to low-molecular-mass acceptors in the cytosol of plant cells. There are 107 sequences in the genome...