... changes, focusing on amino acids (serine and alanine), various fatty acids, choline (and ethanolamine), and glucose. Correspondence: Yusuf A. Hannun ( [email protected] ) © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2024...

..., accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells are also active players in maintaining local metabolic homeostasis, in part, through regulating the supply of metabolic substrates, including lipids and glucose, to energy-demanding organs. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction, in terms of altered trans...

...Francis B. Stephens; Kostas Tsintzas The molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying the increase in insulin sensitivity (i.e. increased insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake, phosphorylation and storage as glycogen) observed from 12 to 48 h following a single bout of exercise...

... glucose availability for maximal effector function. This article will discuss the regulation of cellular metabolism in NK cells as compared with that of T lymphocytes and discuss the implications for NK cell responses to viral infection and cancer. 1 email [email protected] 12 5 2015...

..., is rapidly deactivated by superoxide radicals. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 30 4 2014 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 cardiovascular disease diabetes endothelial cell glucose oxidative stress...

...Vincent Poitout The glucolipotoxicity hypothesis postulates that chronically elevated levels of glucose and fatty acids adversely affect pancreatic β-cell function and thereby contribute to the deterioration of insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetes. Whereas ample experimental evidence in in vitro...

...P. Newsholme; K. Bender; A. Kiely; L. Brennan In addition to the primary stimulus of glucose, specific amino acids may acutely and chronically regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vivo and in vitro . Mitochondrial metabolism is crucial for the coupling of glucose, alanine...

... of the pancreas to release insulin is outstripped by the requirements for the hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant tissues. Insulin secretory deficiencies play a critical role in the onset of disease: pancreatic β-cell failure is apparent prior to the onset of the full-blown...

...B. Leighton; A. Atkinson; M.P. Coghlan The monomeric enzyme GK (glucokinase) has a low affinity for glucose and, quantitatively, is largely expressed in the liver and pancreatic β-cells, playing a key ‘glucose sensing’ role to regulate hepatic glucose balance and insulin secretion. Mutations of GK...

...F. Rolland; J. Sheen Plant sugar signalling operates in a complex network with plant-specific hormone signalling pathways. Hexokinase was identified as an evolutionarily conserved glucose sensor that integrates light, hormone and nutrient signalling to control plant growth and development...

...M. Vanoni; R.L. Rossi; L. Querin; V. Zinzalla; L. Alberghina Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in glucose have larger average size than cells grown in ethanol. Besides, yeast must reach a carbon source-modulated critical cell size in order to enter S phase at Start. This control is of outmost...

...F. Moreno; D. Ahuatzi; A. Riera; C.A. Palomino; P. Herrero In this work, we describe the hexokinase 2 (Hxk2) signalling pathway within the yeast cell. Hxk2 and Mig1 are the two major factors of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The functions of both proteins have been extensively...

...M. Johnston; J.-H. Kim Because glucose is the principal carbon and energy source for most cells, most organisms have evolved numerous and sophisticated mechanisms for sensing glucose and responding to it appropriately. This is especially apparent in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , where...

...D. Zelent; H. Najafi; S. Odili; C. Buettger; H. Weik-Collins; C. Li; N. Doliba; J. Grimsby; F.M. Matschinsky The enzyme GK (glucokinase), which phosphorylates glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate, serves as the glucose sensor of insulin-producing β-cells. GK has thermodynamic, kinetic, regulatory...

...Q.L. Zhou; J.G. Park; Z.Y. Jiang; J.J. Holik; P. Mitra; S. Semiz; A. Guilherme; A.M. Powelka; X. Tang; J. Virbasius; M.P. Czech Using siRNA-mediated gene silencing in cultured adipocytes, we have dissected the insulin-signalling pathway leading to translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters...

...) uptake in cardiac myocytes from young adult obese Zucker rats is markedly increased, but insensitive to insulin. Basal and insulin-induced glucose uptake rates in these myocytes are not changed, suggesting that during the development from obesity to hyperglycaemic Type II diabetes, alterations in cardiac...

...W.E. Cotham; D.J.S. Hinton; T.O. Metz; J.W.C. Brock; S.R. Thorpe; J.W. Baynes; J.M. Ames RNase A (1 mM) was incubated with glucose (0.4 M) at 37°C for up to 14 days in phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.4), digested with trypsin and analysed by LC-MS. The major sites of fructoselysine formation were Lys...

...M.J. Holness; M.C. Sugden PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Regulation of PDC determines and reflects substrate preference and is critical to the ‘glucose–fatty acid cycle’, a concept...

..., a Biochemical Society-sponsored meeting held at University of Dundee, Scotland, 12–14 September 2002 10 September 2002 Copyright 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 AMP-activated protein kinase metabolism cholesterol exercise fatty acid glucose Abbreviations used: AMPK, AMP...

... expression, glucose, pancreatic p-cell Abbreviations used: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Ada I DN, adenovirus encoding a dominant negative form of the a I -subunit of AMPK; AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; GK, glucokinase; GLUT...

[email protected] 18 6 2001 © 2001 Biochemical Society 2001 transgenic glucose fibre types UCP, uncoupling protein FFA, free fatty acids Biochemical Society Transactions (200 I) Volume 29, part 6 Uncoupling protein 3 biological activity 1. P. Giacobino' Departement...

...; and elongation factor eEF2, which mediates the translocation step of elongation. Control of the last three of these is linked to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). In Chinese hamster ovary cells, regulation of all these proteins by insulin is modulated by the presence of amino acids and/or glucose...