... that significantly decreases the susceptibility to several bacterial infections, suggesting that subversion of Sdc1 is an important virulence strategy. HS glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of cell surface Sdc1 promote bacterial pathogenesis by facilitating the attachment of bacteria to host cells. Engagement of cell...

... involved in host colonization, two enzymes families, sulfatases and radical S -adenosyl- L -methionine enzymes, have recently emerged as key enzymes. sulfatase arylsulfatase radical SAM radical AdoMet microbiota microbiome metagenomic glycosaminoglycan mucin The human microbiota...

... the responsiveness of cells to FGF, altering the outcome of FGF stimulation and thus the fine balance of signals for correct differentiation [ 2 ]. A key component for the ability of a cell to respond specifically to extrinsic signals is the sugar polymer HS (heparan sulfate). The GAG (glycosaminoglycan) HS...

... with particular patterns of GAG (glycosaminoglycan) expression. For example, different HS epitopes are synthesized during neural or mesodermal lineage formation. Cell lines mutant for various components of the HS biosynthetic pathway are selectively impaired in their differentiation, with lineage-specific effects...

... and the transfection of retinal pigment epithelium. antisense oligonucleotide (AON) glycosaminoglycan lipoplex non-viral ocular gene transfer PEGylation vitreous Ocular gene therapy may offer new hope for severe eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and AMD (age-related macular degeneration) [ 1...

... (glycosaminoglycan) chains are attached. The GAGs are long, linear, sulphated and highly charged heterogeneous polysaccharides that are expressed throughout the body in different forms depending on the developmental or pathological state of the organ/organism. Mechanistically, the GAG interaction is thought...

... the protease network through inhibition of plasmin. TSG-6 binds a wide range of GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) [i.e. HA (hyaluronan), chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate, heparin and heparan sulphate] as well as a variety of protein ligands, where these interactions can influence the activities of TSG-6...

...H. Potzinger; E. Geretti; B. Brandner; V. Wabitsch; A.-M. Piccinini; A. Rek; A.J. Kungl The interaction of chemokines and GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) on endothelial surfaces is a crucial step for establishing a chemotactic gradient which leads to the functional presentation of chemokines...

...B. Mulloy; C.C. Rider The defining characteristic of the glycoproteins known as proteoglycans is the presence of O-linked acidic polysaccharides known as GAGs (glycosaminoglycans). The backbone of these linear polysaccharides is a repeating disaccharide, comprising N -acetyl hexosamine alternating...

... for which small-molecule-receptor antagonists have been developed. In addition to the high-affinity receptor interaction, chemokines have an in vivo requirement to bind to GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) in order to mediate directional cell migration. Prevention of the GAG interaction has been shown...

... with an equilibrium dissociation constant ( K d ) of approx. 1 nM. An Erk activation assay also demonstrated stimulation of the MAP kinase pathway downstream of the Met receptor following addition of both HGF/SF and ascidian DS to the glycosaminoglycan-deficient CHO-745 mutant cell line. Furthermore, the activation...

... factor (GDNF) glycosaminoglycan growth factor heparan sulphate 2-O-sulphotransferase heparin Abbreviations used: FGF, fibroblast growth factor; GDNF, glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor; GFRα1, GDNF receptor α1; HS2OST, heparan sulphate 2-O-sulphotransferase. Sulphotransferases...

... glycosaminoglycans can act as important cofactors or modulators of PrP-res formation in vivo . In an effort to develop therapeutics, the antimalarial drug quinacrine was identified as an inhibitor of PrP-res formation in scrapie-infected cell cultures. Confirmation of the latter result by others has led...