...James A.L. Brown; Emer Bourke; Leif A. Eriksson; Michael J. Kerin Two opposing enzyme classes regulate fundamental elements of genome maintenance, gene regulation and metabolism, either through addition of an acetyl moiety by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or its removal by histone de...

..., and a flurry of new studies are underway to uncover its significance. Epigenetics is not confined to a study of DNA, and the post-translational modifications on the histone proteins have a significant role to play in regulating gene expression. There are many different modifications and, as shown...

...Geoff Gudavicius; Heddy Soufari; Santosh Upadhyay; Cameron D. Mackereth; Christopher J. Nelson Peptidylprolyl isomerases have been implicated in chromatin regulation through their association with histones, chromatin-modifying enzymes and DNA-binding transcription factors. As with other post...

... expression programme is largely driven through epigenetic mechanisms such as post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation. In the last few years, the distinct functions of histone modifications and of the enzymes catalysing their formation have begun to be elucidated in processes important...

...Wallace H. Liu; Mair E.A. Churchill The eukaryotic processes of nucleosome assembly and disassembly govern chromatin dynamics, in which histones exchange in a highly regulated manner to promote genome accessibility for all DNA-dependent processes. This regulation is partly carried out by histone...

... is not the sequence-directed positioning of nucleosomes at specific sites [ 4 ], but instead the preferential exclusion of histone octamers from particular regions. Put another way, the DNA sequence imposes barriers modulating nucleosome occupancy. This principle has been experimentally verified in vitro...

... nucleosomes reveals a reversible multistage release of DNA Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002 99 1960 1965 15 Sterner D.E. Berger S.L. Acetylation of histones and transcription-related factors Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2000 64 435 459 16 Brower-Toland B. Wacker D.A...

... correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 3 11 2006 © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 Dramatic reorganization of chromosomes occurs during mammalian spermatogenesis due to gradual replacement of histones first with transitional proteins, then with protamines [ 1 ]. In mature...

[email protected] 19 May 2003 © 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 chromatin chromatin-remodelling enzyme DNA histone nucleosome Abbreviations used: CSF-1, colony-stimulating factor-1; ISWI, imitation switch; SNF, sucrose non-fermenting; SWI, switching (of yeast mating-type). Colw...

...T. Kouzarides In recent years, our view of how gene expression is controlled has changed dramatically. The discovery of enzymes that modify histones has revealed that transcription is an enzymically driven process. Such modifications can recruit specific proteins and mediate chromatin changes...