...Tekle Pauzaite; James A. Nathan Hypoxia Inducible transcription Factors (HIFs) are central to the metazoan oxygen-sensing response. Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), HIFs are stabilised and govern an adaptive transcriptional programme to cope with prolonged oxygen starvation. However, when...

...Christos Chinopoulos Certain cancer cells within solid tumors experience hypoxia, rendering them incapable of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite this oxygen deficiency, these cells exhibit biochemical pathway activity that relies on NAD + . This mini-review scrutinizes the persistent...

...Hannah Bolland; Tiffany S. Ma; Syafiq Ramlee; Kristijan Ramadan; Ester M. Hammond Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumours and predicts for poor prognosis. In radiobiological hypoxia (<0.1% O 2 ) cells become up to three times more resistant to radiation. The biological response...

... of the role of CHCHD4 and the DRS in physiology and disease, with a specific focus on the emerging importance of CHCHD4 in regulating the cellular response to low oxygen (hypoxia) and metabolism in cancer. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the DRS underlies mitochondrial disease [ 23–27 ] and cancer...

... of oncometabolites. We also describe emerging evidence that these enzymes are responsive to cellular stresses including hypoxia and DNA damage. Moreover, we examine how dysregulation of 2OG-dependent oxygenases is associated with human disease, and the apparent paradoxical role for some of these enzymes during...

...Michael Batie; Sonia Rocha Oxygen sensing is an essential feature of metazoan biology and reductions in oxygen availability (hypoxia) have both physiological and pathophysiological implications. Co-ordinated mechanisms have evolved for sensing and responding to hypoxia, which involve diverse...

...Andrew J. Murray; Hugh E. Montgomery; Martin Feelisch; Michael P.W. Grocott; Daniel S. Martin Ascent to high altitude is associated with physiological responses that counter the stress of hypobaric hypoxia by increasing oxygen delivery and by altering tissue oxygen utilisation via metabolic...

... Society 2016 cancer metabolism fumarate hydratase hypoxia isocitrate dehydrogenase reactive oxygen species (ROS) succinate dehydrogenase Dysfunction in IDH, SDH and FH are also involved, directly or indirectly, with the higher levels of ROS often found in cancer cells. Because...

... UPR and regulation of HIF target gene EPO (erythropoietin) expression [ 10 ]. Activated ATF4 by pathogenic UPR state altered the hypoxia-induced EPO production. In particular, hypoxia-induced EPO production was significantly suppressed under ER stress conditions, and it was cancelled by the ER stress...

... complex I in rat heart ( A ) and brain ( B ) tissue after cardiac arrest Percentage of the D-form in samples was determined as described in [ 18 ]. Therefore the A/D transition is a natural adaptive mechanism mediating mitochondrial response to hypoxia. In this section, we discuss several views...

...Colin R. Lenihan; Cormac T. Taylor Hypoxia is a frequently encountered feature of the cellular microenvironment in a number of pathophysiological processes in which programmed cell death (apoptosis) affects disease progression including, but not limited to, cancer, chronic inflammation, myocardial...

... promote tumor progression Cancer Res. 2012 72 4920 4930 15 Brown J.M. Wilson W.R. Exploiting tumour hypoxia in cancer treatment Nat. Rev. 2004 4 437 447 16 Evans S.M. Judy K.D. Dunphy I. Jenkins W.T. Hwang W.T. Nelson P.T. Lustig R.A...

... capillarity by more than 50%, (ii) decreases exercise endurance time by approximately 80%, and (iii) abolishes the angiogenic response to exercise training. What causes VEGF to increase with exercise is not clear. Despite regulation by HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), increased HIF on exercise, and P O 2...

... (Leeds, U.K.). ADAM a disintegrin and metalloproteinase Dll1 Delta-like 1 Flt4 Fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 HIF-1 hypoxia-inducible factor-1 FIH-1 factor inhibiting HIF-1α Jag1 Jagged-1 kdr kinase insert domain-containing receptor NICD Notch intracellular...

... correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 23 9 2008 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2k) eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) hypoxia mammalian target of rapamycin...

... deprivation (hypoxia). Here, we will briefly review the evolving evidence for this pathway in the regulation of a number of metabolic regulators and discuss a possible role for SUMOylation in the regulation of basic metabolic function. Since its introduction into the earth's atmosphere as a by-product...

... variations can strongly influence fibroblast behaviour, which is an important consideration when selecting experimental models for provision of clinically useful information. cardiac fibroblast collagen hypoxia invasion matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) myocardial remodelling The adult heart...

... [email protected] ). 11 7 2005 © 2005 The Biochemical Society 2005 adipokine adipose tissue cytokine hypoxia inflammation metabolic syndrome White adipose tissue (WAT) has become the subject of considerable activity in recent years and is now a ‘hot spot...

...L. Callinan; T.V. McCarthy; Y. Maulet; J.J. Mackrill One type of cellular response to hypoxia is an increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ . VDCCs (voltage-dependent calcium channels) open upon membrane depolarization allowing inward current of Ca 2+ ions. Two of the so-called L-type VDCC α1 subunits, Ca v...

..., raising the K m of cellular respiration into the physiological range of oxygen concentrations, thus potentially sensitizing cells to hypoxia. Short exposure of the aorta to hypoxia did not cause significant necrosis of the vessel wall in the absence of NO, but caused extensive necrosis in the presence...

... inducible NOS (nitric oxide synthase) highly sensitizes neurons to hypoxia-induced death, probably via the NO–oxygen competition at cytochrome oxidase. Thus the NO from neuronal NOS during excitotoxicity or the NO from inducible NOS during inflammation may sensitize the brain to hypoxic/ischaemic damage...

...D.E. Lancaster; M.A. McDonough; C.J. Schofield FIH (Factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor), an asparaginyl β-hydroxylase belonging to the super-family of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases, catalyses hydroxylation of Asn-803 of hypoxia-inducible factor, a transcription factor...

...K.S. Hewitson; L.A. McNeill; J.M. Elkins; C.J. Schofield Sensing of ambient dioxygen levels and appropriate feedback mechanisms are essential processes for all multicellular organisms. In animals, moderate hypoxia causes an increase in the transcription levels of specific genes, including those...

... fetal growth retardation placenta pre-eclampsia perfusion hypoxia CNS, central nervous system hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin hPL, human placental lactogen IUGR, intra-uterine growth retardation Biochemical Society Transactions (200 I) Volume 29, part 2 Physiological and pathological...

...-mail [email protected] ) 13 12 2000 © 2001 Biochemical Society 2001 angiogenesis hypoxia intrauterine growth restriction placental lactogen transcription Ang, angiopoietin AP, activator protein bHLH, basis helix-loop-helix CSEn, chorionic somatomammotropin gene enhancer...