... results in an interferon-mediated activation of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway and global up-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. This effect is mediated in part by the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, as this kinase is activated by the 21 bp...

..., a Biochemical Society Focused Meeting held at Novartis, Horsham, 3 February 2003 10 February 2003 © 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 immune response interleukin interferon Myd88 signal transduction Toll-like receptor (TLR) Abbreviations used: TLR, Toll-like receptor; IL-1(R...

... and activator of transcription 1 (‘STAT1’) tyrosine phosphorylation that was secondary to the autocrine/paracrine action of interferon (IFN)-β, an immediate early gene. In contrast, TLR2 agonists failed to activate IFN-β gene expression. TLR4-induced IFN-β mRNA was found to be MyD88- and PKR (double-stranded...