... is primarily localized to the intercalated discs between myocytes (pink cells). Fibroblasts (purple) are thought to form gap junctions with myocytes which may assist the electrical impulse to be transmitted through myocyte layers. However following ischaemia, the fibroblasts are activated and become...

... The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 angiogenesis ischaemia microRNA (miRNA) stem cell vascular cell miRNAs are a family of short (20–26 nt) evolutionary conserved non-coding ssRNAs that are known to regulate or silence gene expression by repressing protein...

... temperatures. Such deactivation occurs in vitro in the absence of substrates or in vivo during ischaemia, when the ubiquinone pool is reduced. The D-form can undergo reactivation given both NADH and ubiquinone availability during slow ( k ~1–10 min −1 ) catalytic turnover(s). We examined known conformational...

... 2010 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) endosome ischaemia plasticity protein that interacts with protein C-kinase 1 (PICK1) trafficking AMPARs [AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptors] mediate most of the fast excitatory synaptic...

...Seppo Ylä-Herttuala Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising new concept for the treatment of myocardial and peripheral ischaemia. Members of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family are among the most powerful modulators of angiogenesis. They regulate vascular growth and maintenance...

... and ATP insufficiency play closely interlocked roles that may be investigated with primary neuronal cultures. © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 ATP excitotoxicity glutamate ischaemia mitochondrion oxidative stress Parts of this work were funded...

... medicine epicardium ischaemia neovascularization regeneration thymosin β4 Ischaemic heart disease resulting in MI (myocardial infarction) causes irreversible cell loss and scarring, which in turn predisposes to a second infarction event or maladaptive remodelling, myopathy and heart failure...

... death pathways induced by cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. PKC (protein kinase C) ϵ plays a critical role in cardioprotective signalling pathways that protect the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion. Emerging evidence suggests that the cardioprotective target of PKCϵ resides at the mitochondria...

... potential benefit in acute stroke patients. © The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 inflammation interleukin-1 (IL-1) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) ischaemia neurodegenerative disease stroke Inflammation is generally a beneficial response...

... 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM) guanylate cyclase haem oxygenase inflammation ischaemia vasodilatation The results generated in the last few years indicate that CO-RMs possess effective vasodilatory, anti-ischaemic and anti-inflammatory...

... barrier. Oedema, in consequence, not only directly damages myocardium (disrupting tissue homoeostasis and spreading cytotoxic factors), but also exacerbates tissue ischaemia by collapsing microvascular blood flow (the ‘no-reflow phenomenon’) [ 7 ]. Indeed, we previously implicated VEGF-induced oedema...

... of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A. (email [email protected] ). 22 7 2006 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 brain excitotoxicity ischaemia preconditioning stroke To begin to uncover...

... and crowding [ 23 ]. Given the multifactorality and complex interactions of cellular injury mechanisms in acute brain ischaemia, cytoprotective mechanisms that are multifunctional and target multiple mechanisms in multiple cellular contexts are particularly attractive. The post-translational modifier...

.... Yoshimura A. J. Exp. Med. 2006 203 1021 1031 50 Shuai K. Liu B. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2005 5 593 605 anti-inflammatory cytokine immune system ischaemia Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway stroke suppressor of cytokine...

... cell death of the heart and brain that occurs during reperfusion after a long period of ischaemia. Such reperfusion injury is a major problem during cardiac surgery and in the treatment of coronary thrombosis and stroke. Prevention of MPTP opening either directly, using agents such as cyclosporin...

... membranes can be detected in saponin-skinned fibres with spectrophotometric and oxygraphic methods. This is of special interest in respect to acute impairment of mitochondria during ischaemia/reperfusion. 6 8 1999 © 2000 Biochemical Society 2000 OM, outer membrane IMS, intermembrane space...