... to generate RNA primers for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication remains unclear. The pentatricopeptide repeat domain of mtRNAP exhibits exoribonuclease activity, which is required for the initiation of mtDNA replication in Drosophila . In this review, we explain how this exonuclease activity contributes...

..., including mitochondrial DNA — the small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule found in multiple copies in the organelle. mtDNA can be sensed by at least three molecules: the Toll-like receptor 9, the NLRP3 inflammasomes, and the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS). All these sensors can lead to the release...

...Rosalie Heilig; Jordan Lee; Stephen W.G. Tait Cytosolic DNA is recognized by the innate immune system as a potential threat. During apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release activates the DNA sensor cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) to promote a pro-inflammatory type I interferon...

...Sophie L. Penman; Alice S. Carter; Amy E. Chadwick The mitochondrion is an essential organelle responsible for generating cellular energy. Additionally, mitochondria are a source of inter-individual variation as they contain their own genome. Evidence has revealed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA...

...Iain G. Johnston; Joerg P. Burgstaller Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes vital respiratory machinery. Populations of mtDNA molecules exist in most eukaryotic cells, subject to replication, degradation, mutation, and other population processes. These processes affect the genetic makeup of cellular...

... Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2017 DNA enzyme kinetics enzyme–substrate interactions G-quadruplex helicase mtDNA ScPif1 has also been described as having patrolling activity in which it binds to a 3′-ssDNA tailed dsDNA junction and repetitively reels in the tail in single...

... 8 2016 2 9 2016 © 2016 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2016 AKAP Larp miRNA mitochondrial transcription factor A mtDNA PINK1 The Authors declare that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript...

...-strand promotor-initiated transcripts and has been suggested as a candidate in the regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription. We report here the first example of a modulation of mTERF-complex binding activity concomitant with a differential mtDNA transcription rate. We suggest...