...Kate M. Fisher; Colin J. Campbell The measurement of intracellular analytes has been key in understanding cellular processes and function, and the use of biological nanosensors has revealed the spatial and temporal variation in their concentrations. In particular, ratiometric nanosensors allow...

... and nanomanipulation using nanopipettes. As illustrated in Figure 1 (C), a renewable nanosensor has been designed based on the principle of DEP trapping, where a reporter dye molecule is trapped and concentrated in solution at the nanopipette tip [ 21 ]. The reporter is excited by focusing a laser beam using far...

... with CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides), pinocytosis, commercial lipid transfection agents, cytochalasin D, picoinjection, and Gene gun bombardment. This paper will overview several of the most popular methods used for the introduction of PEBBLE nanosensors to the cellular environment and discuss the efficacy...

... provided us with the possibility of studying metabolic processes in living organisms. However, at present these technologies do not permit measuring at the subcellular level. The cameleon , a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor uses the ability of the calcium-bound form...