...Maximilien Euler; Markus H. Hoffmann While there are numerous studies showing that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to autoimmune inflammation and cause bystander tissue injury, human individuals with genetic impairments in NET formation curiously often suffer from exacerbated...

... induce changes in the endothelial lining of the blood vessels and in leukocytes. This results in increased vascular permeability and increased expression of adhesion proteins, and promotes adhesion of leukocytes, especially neutrophils to the endothelium. Adhesion is a prerequisite for neutrophil...

... . Nature 411 , 98 – 102 10.1038/35075100 19 Hayashida , A. , Amano , S. and Park , P.W. ( 2011 ) Syndecan-1 promotes Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection by counteracting neutrophil-mediated host defense . J. Biol. Chem. 285 , 3288 – 3297 10.1074/jbc.M110.185165...

... in particular host neutrophil proteases [NE (neutrophil elastase), cathepsin-G and proteinase-3] and as such, able to limit maladaptive tissue damage during inflammation, it has become apparent that these molecules have a variety of other functions (direct antimicrobial activity, bacterial opsonization...

...Marie-Louise Zani; Annabelle Tanga; Ahlame Saidi; Hélène Serrano; Sandrine Dallet-Choisy; Kévin Baranger; Thierry Moreau It is now clear that NSPs (neutrophil serine proteases), including elastase, Pr3 (proteinase 3) and CatG (cathepsin G) are major pathogenic determinants in chronic inflammatory...

... fibroblast leucocyte neutrophil stromal cell We have developed in vitro co-culture models to provide new insights into the intricate communication between endothelial cells and underlying stroma that regulates the recruitment of leucocytes. A detailed understanding of inflammatory processes...

... inflammatory profile can critically alter the response to ischaemic brain injury. We also highlight the need for stroke models to more adequately account for the involvement of underlying systemic inflammation. atherosclerosis chemokine interleukin neutrophil stroke systemic inflammation Most...

... ‘knockout’ mice lacking a particular phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzyme, we have been able to evaluate the contribution of each enzyme to PI(3,4,5) P 3 localization in migrating neutrophils. Our results indicate that PI3Kγ and the PI(3,4,5) P 3 phosphatase SHIP1 [SH2 (Src homology 2)-containing inositol...

... of proteins directly involved in the control of apoptosis, such as Bcl-2 family members and caspases, can be targeted in vivo to influence inflammatory resolution. Recently, it has been shown that CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor drugs induce caspase-dependent human neutrophil apoptosis possibly...

...D. Scheel-Toellner; K. Wang; L.K. Assi; P.R. Webb; R.M. Craddock; M. Salmon; J.M. Lord Neutrophils die by apoptosis spontaneously within 12–24 h of their release from the bone marrow. The mechanism regulating entry of neutrophils into apoptosis at the end of their life-span is currently under...

... Meeting held at New Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Little France, Nr. Edinburgh, 19–20 November 2003 11 December 2003 © 2004 Biochemical Society 2004 apoptosis eosinophil granulocyte HIV-TAT neutrophil protein transduction Abbreviations used: ERK, extracellular-signal...

... of constitutive apoptosis in neutrophils and eosinophils and cause these cells to respond to the pro-apoptotic effects of TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α). Results from both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that there are at least two important waves of NF-κB activation in inflammatory loci, which...

...S.D. Kobayashi; F.R. DeLeo Human PMNs (polymorphonuclear leucocytes or neutrophils) are essential to the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens and are a key part of the acute inflammatory response. Although progress has been made, the molecular basis for termination of inflammation...

... November 2003 © 2004 Biochemical Society 2004 apoptosis caspase eosinophil mammalian Sterile20-like kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase neutrophil Abbreviations used: GCK, germinal centre kinase; ICAD, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK...

... have shown that TNFα (tumour necrosis factor-α) has a bi-modal influence on the rate of constitutive neutrophil apoptosis in vitro , causing early acceleration and late inhibition of this process. The pro-apoptotic effect is uniquely TNFR1 (TNF receptor 1) and TNFR2-dependent and the latter survival...

...I. Sabroe; L.R. Prince; S.K. Dower; S.R. Walmsley; E.R Chilvers; M.K.B. Whyte Neutrophil purification has traditionally been performed by centrifugation of leucocytes through density gradients. These reliable methods produce populations that are typically >95% pure neutrophils, and have allowed...

...M.C.M. Vissers; M.B. Hampton We have investigated the role of neutrophil oxidants in the surface changes that result in recognition and uptake of neutrophils by macrophages. We have shown that H 2 O 2 produced by stimulated neutrophils is essential for the surface expression of phosphatidylserine...

...D. Scheel-Toellner; K.-Q. Wang; P.R. Webb; S.H. Wong; R. Craddock; L.K. Assi; M. Salmon; J.M. Lord Neutrophils are very abundant, short-lived leucocytes and their death by apoptosis is central to homoeostasis and the resolution of inflammation, yet the trigger for apoptosis is still a topic...

...S.W. Edwards; M. Derouet; M. Howse; R.J. Moots Neutrophils rapidly undergo spontaneous apoptosis, but this process can be considerably delayed by exposure to a variety of agents such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, Mcl-1, plays a key role...

... inflammation, particularly the neutrophil. However, delays in this response result in the persistence of inflammation and the development of inflammatory disorders. Understanding the mechanism that inhibits the process of cell death may be helpful in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Inflammatory...

...I. Dransfield; A.G. Rossi The neutrophil granulocyte is a key factor in cellular innate defence mechanisms against infection or tissue damage. Granulocyte apoptosis is now acknowledged to have a critical role in progression of inflammatory responses. Granulocytes are preprogrammed to die...

...L. Harper; J.M. Williams; C.O. Savage The primary small-vessel systemic vasculitides are disorders that target small blood vessels, inducing vessel wall inflammation, and are associated with the development of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Multiple organs are attacked, including the lungs...

...) lymphocyte mast cell neutrophil phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) Abbreviations used: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; Bad, Bcl-2/Bcl-X L -antagonist, causing cell death; Bcl-2, B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EPO, eosinophil peroxidase...

...S.K. Butcher; V. Killampalli; H. Chahal; E. Kaya Alpar; J.M. Lord Previous work has demonstrated an age-related decline in neutrophil function, including a decline in phagocytic capacity, with age in healthy individuals. This decline in function may contribute to increased susceptibility...

... © 2002 Biochemical Society 2002 duodenal cytochrome b intestine neutrophil Dcytb, duodenal cytochrome b DCT, divalent-cation transporter Biometals 2002: Third International Biometals Symposium: Focused Meeting Organized by S. Andrews (School of Animal and Microbial...