...Agnieszka T. Grzechnik; Alexandra C. Newton In the decade since their discovery, the PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP) have emerged as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with various pathophysiologies, ranging from cancer...

...Patrick J. Nygren; John D. Scott Protein dephosphorylation is important for regulating cellular signaling in a variety of contexts. Protein phosphatase-2B (PP2B), or calcineurin, is a widely expressed serine/threonine phosphatase that acts on a large cross section of potential protein substrates...

... of activated platelets. Thus, proper use of inhibitors of the contact pathway and a careful choice of materials for plates and tubes is important to avoid artefacts. The use of phosphatases used to degrade polyP has an important drawback as it also degrades the secondary activators ADP and ATP, which...

...Nick R. Leslie; Nisha Kriplani; Miguel A. Hermida; Virginia Alvarez-Garcia; Helen M. Wise The phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) phosphatase dephosphorylates PIP 3 , the lipid product of the class I PI 3-kinases, and suppresses the growth and proliferation of many cell...

...Ahmed Lawan; Emma Torrance; Sameer Al-Harthi; Muhannad Shweash; Sulaiman Alnasser; Thikryat Neamatallah; Juliane Schroeder; Robin Plevin The MKPs (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases) are a family of at least ten DUSPs (dual-specificity phosphatases) which function to terminate...

... is elevated nearly 100-fold in human foetal liver and several hundredfold in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue compared with normal adult liver. In the present paper, we review what is currently known about histone H4 histidine phosphorylation, the kinase(s) responsible and the phosphatases capable...

... attachment mitosis phosphatase The accurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division is essential to maintain genome stability. In mitotic divisions an exact copy of the genome is propagated from the mother cell to the two daughters, and in meiosis the number of chromosomes is halved...

... to control the modulus. Upon enzyme action, a self-assembling network of interconnecting fibres is formed, observed by cryo-SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The concentration of alkaline phosphatase added to the Fmoc–tyrosine phosphate ester precursor solution...

... rearrangements necessary for cell division while at the same time ensuring that cytokinesis does not begin before the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase. The conserved Cdc14 (cell division cycle 14)-family of phosphatases reverses Cdk phosphorylation events and therefore Cdc14 phosphatases promote...

...A.J. Bridges The development of kinase and phosphatase inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents has been stimulated by the discovery that most biological processes are controlled by the reversible phosphorylation of proteins. Most of the early results in this area were generated in oncology...

... signalling is the large diverse family of cysteine-dependent phosphatases, which includes the protein tyrosine phosphatases. Our work and that of others suggest that the oxidative inactivation of protein and lipid phosphatases plays an important part in signalling, downstream of many cellular stimuli. Future...

...T. Maehama; F. Okahara; Y. Kanaho The tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) plays essential roles in regulating signalling pathways involved in cell growth and apoptosis, and is inactivated in a wide variety of tumours. The role of PTEN as a tumour...

...A.C. Schmid; R. Woscholski Inositols and their phosphorylated derivatives, phosphoinositides, play an important role in diverse cellular functions. They have been recognized as second messengers and are accurately controlled by phosphatases and kinases, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase...

...-domain-containing inositol 5′-phosphatase (SHIP) is expressed at much higher levels in immature B-cells than in mature B-cells. Perhaps most importantly, we report that SHIP activated by BCR–FcγRIIB co-aggregation inhibits independently ligated receptors whose signalling requires PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 . We...

...C. P. Downes; D. Bennett; G. McConnachie; N. R. Leslie; I. Pass; C. MacPhee; L. Patel; A. Gray The tumour suppressor protein, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is a member of the mixed function, serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphatase subfamily of protein phosphatases...