...Sam P. B. van Beljouw; Stan J. J. Brouns With the discovery of CRISPR-controlled proteases, CRISPR–Cas has moved beyond mere nucleic acid targeting into the territory of targeted protein cleavage. Here, we review the understanding of Craspase, the best-studied member of the growing CRISPR RNA...

... via intra-mitochondrial proteolysis involving multiple AAA+ proteases. Together, these proteolytic pathways maintain the activity and homeostasis of OXPHOS components. degradation mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation protease proteolysis respiratory system Correspondence: Monika...

...Clara L. Frazier; Amy M. Weeks Enzymes that catalyze peptide ligation are powerful tools for site-specific protein bioconjugation and the study of cellular signaling. Peptide ligases can be divided into two classes: proteases that have been engineered to favor peptide ligation, and protease-related...

... advances in the characterization of these key factors, with a special emphasis on the multifunctional protein DegP. In addition, we present our proposed model on the periplasmic quality control in biogenesis of OMPs. outer membrane protein periplasm protease chaperone single molecule detection FRET...

... to terminate G-protein-dependent signalling of receptors at the plasma membrane. In this manner, β-arrestins control signalling of many GPCRs, including the NK 1 R [ 14 , 15 ]. arrestin endosome G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neuropeptide protease trafficking With almost 1000 members...

...Derek Wilkinson; Mark Ramsdale A variety of proteases have been implicated in yeast PCD (programmed cell death) including the metacaspase Mca1 and the separase Esp1, the HtrA-like serine protease Nma111, the cathepsin-like serine carboxypeptideases and a range of vacuolar proteases. Proteasomal...

.... proteolysis, unfolding, disaggregation and disassembly. In the oligomeric ring of the AAA protein, there is a conserved aromatic residue which lines the central pore. Functional analysis indicates that this conserved residue in AAA proteases is involved in threading unfolded polypeptides. Katanin and spastin...

...S. Curry; N. Roqué-Rosell; T.R. Sweeney; P.A. Zunszain; R.J. Leatherbarrow Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes a major global agricultural problem that is difficult to control with existing vaccines. Structural analyses of the viral 3C protease not only have provided fresh insights...

...C. Southan Multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree constructions are established techniques for examining the evolutionary history of protease sequences in organisms such as humans, mice, fruitflies, nematode worms and yeast. They also facilitate the mapping of those conserved positions...

...K.L. Moffitt; S.L. Martin; B. Walker Unregulated apoptosis can be due to a disruption in the balance and control of both intra- and inter-cellular proteolytic activities leading to various disease states. Many proteases involved in apoptotic processes are yet to be identified; however, several...

... to the wider community enabling binding-site comparisons for therapeutically interesting protein families, such as the proteases and for new proteins to enable the discovery of interesting new structure–function relationships. The database is available from http://www.modelling.leeds.ac.uk/sb/ . 1...

...P. Proost; S. Struyf; J. Van Damme Chemokines, adhesion molecules, cytokines and proteases regulate the extravasation of leucocytes during acute and chronic inflammation and leucocyte homing. Chemokines are produced after transcriptional activation by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines...

... disease amyloid drug discovery immunization protease secretase Despite the extensive preclinical data generated, the first human active-immunization trial, using a synthetic form of Aβ 42 , was halted due to a 6% incidence of meningoencephalitis [ 30 ]. Evidence to date suggests...

... or cancer. The completion of the human genome sequence allowed us to determine that more than 2% of all human genes are proteases or protease inhibitors, reflecting the importance of proteolysis in human biology. To understand better the complexity of proteases in human and other model organisms, we have...

...H.K. Parsons; S. Vitovski; J.R. Sayers IgA1 (immunoglobulin A1) antibodies are the first line of defence against microbial pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae . However, these bacteria secrete a site-specific protease that is capable of cleaving human IgA1...

...A. Amour; M. Bird; L. Chaudry; J. Deadman; D. Hayes; C. Kay Proteases are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential physiological processes, often by participating in a highly orchestrated sequence of events termed a ‘proteolytic cascade’. Four major proteolytic cascades...

... proteases (MASPs) attached to MBL, and MASP-2 activates complement proteins C4 and C2. The MASPs are homologous to the C1q-associated proteases, C1r and C1s. MBL therefore activates complement by a mechanism very similar to C1q, and engages the opsonic activity of complement to clear micro-organisms...

... complement protease MAC, membrane attack complex MASP, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease MBL, man-nose-binding lectin Biochemical Society Transactions (2002) Volume 30, part 6 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Tsai, 5. W., Poon, P. H. and Schumaker, V. N. ( I 997) Mol. Immunol. 34, 1273- I...

...E. M. Creagh; S. J. Martin Apoptosis is co-ordinated by a family of cysteine proteases, the caspases, that dismantle the cell by targeting a panoply of proteins for limited proteolysis. The mammalian caspase family contains 14 members, a subset of which participates in apoptosis, with the remainder...

... of the components involved in these functions, such as translocons, chaperones and proteases, have been identified but many of the auxiliary functions of photosynthesis remain uncharacterized. Among the proteases known to be associated with the thylakoids is the zinc metalloprotease FtsH, which might also act...