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Keywords: protein synthesis
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Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2024) 52 (3): 1109–1120.
Published: 17 June 2024
... of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Mupirocin inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the active site of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS), which prevents the enzyme from binding isoleucine and ATP for Ile-tRNA Ile synthesis. Two types of IleRS are found in bacteria — while IleRS1...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2019) 47 (5): 1429–1436.
Published: 24 September 2019
... a few and import the rest [ 20 ], whilst human mtDNA encodes 22, which constitute the entire repertoire of mt-tRNAs necessary for protein synthesis [ 5 ]. This number is reduced compared with the cytosol by invoking the use of a wobble base and by having a single mt-tRNA Met , appropriately matured...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2018) 46 (5): 1239–1246.
Published: 09 October 2018
... ) A pseudouridine synthase module is essential for mitochondrial protein synthesis and cell viability . EMBO Rep. 18 , 28 – 38 10.15252/embr.201643391 27 Bogenhagen , D.F. , Ostermeyer-Fay , A.G. , Haley , J.D. and Garcia-Diaz , M. ( 2018 ) Kinetics and mechanism of mammalian...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2015) 43 (6): 1266–1270.
Published: 27 November 2015
...Estelle Dacheux; Helena Firczuk; John E.G. McCarthy Yeast commits approximately 76% of its energy budget to protein synthesis and the efficiency and control of this process are accordingly critical to organism growth and fitness. We now have detailed genetic, biochemical and biophysical knowledge...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2015) 43 (6): 1234–1240.
Published: 27 November 2015
... in the regulation of protein synthesis and for identifying the pathological basis of mutations resulting in VWM. The identification of GDF activity and GTP binding by eIF2Bγ provide us with further clues for activities that could be affected by these mutations, whereas the increasing structural information...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2015) 43 (3): 328–332.
Published: 01 June 2015
..., the stage in mRNA translation that consumes almost all the energy and amino acids consumed by protein synthesis. In addition to activation by Ca/CaM, eEF2K is also regulated by an array of other regulatory inputs, which include inhibition by the nutrient- and growth-factor activated signalling pathways...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2015) 43 (3): 333–337.
Published: 01 June 2015
... extended to treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases in two mouse models. Concurrently studies have demonstrated the importance of the regulation of protein synthesis, translation, to the cooling response, which is also emerging as a targetable process in neurodegeneration. Through these studies...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (1): 173–176.
Published: 23 January 2014
... on internal and external conditions in the cell, is thus a central problem in understanding the biology of diseases. disease protein synthesis ribosome robustness translation Translation UK 2013: An Independent Meeting held at the University of Kent, U.K., 4–5 July 2013. Organized...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (1): 151–154.
Published: 23 January 2014
... T.J. Dedon P.C. Reprogramming of tRNA modifications controls the oxidative stress response by codon-biased translation of proteins Nat. Commun. 2012 3 937 16 Walsh D. Mathews M.B. Mohr I. Tinkering with translation: protein synthesis in virus-infected cells Cold...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2012) 40 (1): 168–172.
Published: 19 January 2012
..., cell growth and cell division. We have studied the impact of inhibiting mTOR on protein synthesis in human cells. Partial inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin has only a limited impact on protein synthesis, but inhibiting mTOR kinase activity causes much greater inhibition of protein synthesis. Using...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2011) 39 (2): 658–662.
Published: 22 March 2011
...Marina V. Rodnina; Wolfgang Wintermeyer Translocation of tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome is one of the most dynamic events during protein synthesis. In the cell, translocation is catalysed by EF-G (elongation factor G) and driven by GTP hydrolysis. Major unresolved questions are: how...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2010) 38 (6): 1523–1526.
Published: 24 November 2010
... compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 mitochondrion protein synthesis release factor stop codon translation termination Mitochondria are vital organelles that are present in all nucleated cells of higher eukaryotes. They play critical roles in many processes, including calcium...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2009) 37 (6): 1298–1310.
Published: 19 November 2009
...Graham D. Pavitt; Christopher G. Proud Protein synthesis (also termed mRNA translation) is a key step in the expression of a cell's genetic information, in which the information contained within the coding region of the mRNA is used to direct the synthesis of the new protein, a process...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2009) 37 (1): 227–231.
Published: 20 January 2009
...Christopher G. Proud Signalling through mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) is important in controlling many cell functions, including protein synthesis, which it activates. mTORC1 signalling is activated by stimuli which promote protein accumulation such as anabolic hormones, growth...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (6): 1224–1231.
Published: 19 November 2008
... at the initiation phase of protein synthesis [ 5 – 10 ] and the other at a stage post-initiation [ 11 – 14 ]. There are large bodies of data to support both hypotheses, and the different mechanisms observed with endogenous mRNAs could be explained by evolutionary variation [ 1 , 8 , 11 , 13 ]. However...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2008) 36 (4): 684–689.
Published: 22 July 2008
... strategy is capable of generating a large number of stable three-dimensional folds that display a diverse range of highly specific functions in a variety of biological processes. The present review focuses on pseudoknots that act in the regulation of protein synthesis using cellular and viral examples...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2007) 35 (5): 1314–1316.
Published: 25 October 2007
...M.G. MacKenzie; D.L. Hamilton; J.T. Murray; K. Baar Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (4): 600–604.
Published: 21 July 2006
... and protein synthesis, a process referred to as synaptic consolidation. Several lines of evidence have implicated endogenous BDNF–TrkB signalling in synaptic consolidation. This mini-review emphasizes new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. The immediate early gene Arc (activity...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (2): 328–329.
Published: 20 March 2006
... protein synthesis ribosome–mRNA pair synthetic biology The ribosome is a 2.5 MDa molecular machine that converts the information encoded in mRNA into protein [ 1 ]. In bacterial cells, the ribosome is most commonly directed to mRNAs by sequences 5′ to the mRNA start codon known as a Shine...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2006) 34 (1): 12–16.
Published: 20 January 2006
...T.L. Hamilton; M. Stoneley; K.A. Spriggs; M. Bushell Upon cell-cycle arrest or nutrient deprivation, the cellular rate of ribosome production is reduced significantly. In mammalian cells, this effect is achieved in part through a co-ordinated inhibition of RP (ribosomal protein) synthesis. More...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2005) 33 (6): 1483–1486.
Published: 26 October 2005
... binds to double-stranded RNA. artificial internal ribosome entry segment (artificial IRES) internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) internal ribosome entry segment trans -acting factor (ITAF) polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) protein synthesis translation This work was funded...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2004) 32 (4): 606–610.
Published: 01 August 2004
...M. Bushell; M. Stoneley; P. Sarnow; A.E. Willis The induction of apoptosis leads to a substantial inhibition of protein synthesis. During this process changes to the translation-initiation factors, the ribosome and the cellular level of mRNA have been documented. However, it is by no means clear...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2003) 31 (1): 213–215.
Published: 01 February 2003
... Protein Kinase, a Biochemical Society-sponsored meeting held at University of Dundee, Scotland, 12–14 September 2002 10 September 2002 Copyright 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 apoptosis glycolysis Pasteur Effect protein synthesis Abbreviations used: AMPK, AMP-activated...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2002) 30 (2): 133–140.
Published: 01 April 2002
...V. Márquez; D. N. Wilson; K. H. Nierhaus The ribosome translates the genetic information of an mRNA molecule into a sequence of amino acids. The ribosome utilizes tRNAs to connect elements of the RNA and protein worlds during protein synthesis, i.e. an anticodon as a unit of genetic information...
Articles
Biochem Soc Trans (2001) 29 (4): 541–547.
Published: 01 August 2001
...C. G. Proud; X. Wang; J. V. Patel; L. E. Campbell; M. Kleijn; W. Li; G. J. Browne Protein synthesis in mammalian cells is regulated through alterations in the states of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factors and elongation factors (eIFs and eEFs respectively) and of other regulatory...