... ) * Current address: Al-Nahain University, Forensic DNA for Research and Training Center, Baghdad, Iraq © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2019 human mitochondria mitoribosome protein synthesis RNA translation 29 7 2019...

... demands of the cell. Correspondence: Aleksandra Filipovska ( aleksandra.filipovska@uwa.edu.au ) 5 8 2018 29 8 2018 30 8 2018 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2018 protein synthesis RNA-binding proteins RNA...

...Estelle Dacheux; Helena Firczuk; John E.G. McCarthy Yeast commits approximately 76% of its energy budget to protein synthesis and the efficiency and control of this process are accordingly critical to organism growth and fitness. We now have detailed genetic, biochemical and biophysical knowledge...

... stresses including amino acid deprivation, viral infection and accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. eIF2 phosphorylation serves to reduce the rate of protein synthesis in the cell through decreasing ternary complex levels. Due to the presence of re-initiating short upstream ORFs...

..., the stage in mRNA translation that consumes almost all the energy and amino acids consumed by protein synthesis. In addition to activation by Ca/CaM, eEF2K is also regulated by an array of other regulatory inputs, which include inhibition by the nutrient- and growth-factor activated signalling pathways...

... extended to treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases in two mouse models. Concurrently studies have demonstrated the importance of the regulation of protein synthesis, translation, to the cooling response, which is also emerging as a targetable process in neurodegeneration. Through these studies...

... be addressed (email E.J.Mead@kent.ac.uk ). 14 11 2013 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 gene expression mRNA protein synthesis systems biology translation mRNA translation is a key regulatory step in the control of gene expression and protein...

... Biochemical Society 2014 disease protein synthesis ribosome robustness translation The accurate transfer of information from the nucleic acid-based genetic code to protein-based chemical activity is central to all life. Correct information transfer entails the correct assembly of protein...

..., cell growth and cell division. We have studied the impact of inhibiting mTOR on protein synthesis in human cells. Partial inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin has only a limited impact on protein synthesis, but inhibiting mTOR kinase activity causes much greater inhibition of protein synthesis. Using...

...Marina V. Rodnina; Wolfgang Wintermeyer Translocation of tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome is one of the most dynamic events during protein synthesis. In the cell, translocation is catalysed by EF-G (elongation factor G) and driven by GTP hydrolysis. Major unresolved questions are: how...

... 10 Woriax V.L. Burkhart W. Spremulli L.L. Cloning, sequence analysis and expression of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis elongation factor Tu Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995 1264 347 356 11 Gao J. Yu L. Zhang P. Jiang J. Chen J. Peng J. Wei...

...Graham D. Pavitt; Christopher G. Proud Protein synthesis (also termed mRNA translation) is a key step in the expression of a cell's genetic information, in which the information contained within the coding region of the mRNA is used to direct the synthesis of the new protein, a process...

...Christopher G. Proud Signalling through mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) is important in controlling many cell functions, including protein synthesis, which it activates. mTORC1 signalling is activated by stimuli which promote protein accumulation such as anabolic hormones, growth...

... compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 gene expression in vitro -transcribed RNA microRNA (miRNA) polysomes protein synthesis translation miRNAs (microRNAs) are a class of recently discovered 21–25 nucleotide RNA molecules, which bind with imperfect complementarity to their target...

... strategy is capable of generating a large number of stable three-dimensional folds that display a diverse range of highly specific functions in a variety of biological processes. The present review focuses on pseudoknots that act in the regulation of protein synthesis using cellular and viral examples...

...M.G. MacKenzie; D.L. Hamilton; J.T. Murray; K. Baar Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation...

... and protein synthesis, a process referred to as synaptic consolidation. Several lines of evidence have implicated endogenous BDNF–TrkB signalling in synaptic consolidation. This mini-review emphasizes new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. The immediate early gene Arc (activity...

... protein synthesis ribosome–mRNA pair synthetic biology The ribosome is a 2.5 MDa molecular machine that converts the information encoded in mRNA into protein [ 1 ]. In bacterial cells, the ribosome is most commonly directed to mRNAs by sequences 5′ to the mRNA start codon known as a Shine...

...T.L. Hamilton; M. Stoneley; K.A. Spriggs; M. Bushell Upon cell-cycle arrest or nutrient deprivation, the cellular rate of ribosome production is reduced significantly. In mammalian cells, this effect is achieved in part through a co-ordinated inhibition of RP (ribosomal protein) synthesis. More...

... (PTB) protein synthesis translation Control of translation is one of the major mechanisms of regulating gene expression and allows a cell to respond rapidly to changing conditions without the requirement for the synthesis of new mRNA. Most of the translational regulation occurs at the level...

...M. Bushell; M. Stoneley; P. Sarnow; A.E. Willis The induction of apoptosis leads to a substantial inhibition of protein synthesis. During this process changes to the translation-initiation factors, the ribosome and the cellular level of mRNA have been documented. However, it is by no means clear...

... Protein Kinase, a Biochemical Society-sponsored meeting held at University of Dundee, Scotland, 12–14 September 2002 10 September 2002 Copyright 2003 Biochemical Society 2003 apoptosis glycolysis Pasteur Effect protein synthesis Abbreviations used: AMPK, AMP-activated...

...V. Márquez; D. N. Wilson; K. H. Nierhaus The ribosome translates the genetic information of an mRNA molecule into a sequence of amino acids. The ribosome utilizes tRNAs to connect elements of the RNA and protein worlds during protein synthesis, i.e. an anticodon as a unit of genetic information...

...C. G. Proud; X. Wang; J. V. Patel; L. E. Campbell; M. Kleijn; W. Li; G. J. Browne Protein synthesis in mammalian cells is regulated through alterations in the states of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factors and elongation factors (eIFs and eEFs respectively) and of other regulatory...