... facilitating APC/C ubiquitylation and proteasome degradation. anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) cell cycle DNA-damage repair proteasome small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ubiquitin Acquisition of complexity of the proteasome during evolution can be delineated...

... The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 Arabidopsis conjugation machinery plant protein target small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) The covalent attachment of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) to target proteins constitutes a mechanism of protein regulation...

...-talk small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) synergistic outcome ubiquitin-like molecule Post-translational modifications are one of the most effective ways by which evolution has increased the versatility in protein function using a relative paucity of genes. These covalent modifications...

... susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) DNA damage double-stranded DNA signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) DNA lesions can occur through exogenous and endogenous damage. Damage triggers activation of DNA...

... phosphorylation small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ubiquitin Cells have developed elaborate mechanisms for the rapid and sensitive sensing and repair of damaged DNA, collectively designated DDR (DNA­-damage response) [ 1 ]. In general, different types of DNA lesion result in different signals...

..., could functionally replace the wild-type protein under normal conditions [ 10 ]. centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) Ubc9 ubiquitin-like protease 2 (Ulp2) Ubiquitin multimerizes via all internal lysine residues [ 29 , 30 ]. Different ubiquitin...

... of these authors (email [email protected] or [email protected] ). 2 9 2009 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 adrenal cortex small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) steroidogenesis steroid receptor SUMOylation ubiquitylation Steroid...

... should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 4 3 2008 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 conjugation phospho-dependent SUMO motif (PDSM) phosphorylation post-translational modification small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) stress...

... protease UPS Ub–proteasome system deISGylase deNEDDylase deSUMOylase deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) high-throughput screening (HTS) isopeptidase small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) Isopeptidases identified to date have been grouped into five subfamilies. Four of these five...

... The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society 2008 cellular metabolism hypoxia metabolic stress post-translational modification small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) SUMOylation Recent developments, which have facilitated genomic cloning, have allowed the first estimations...

... STAT (PIAS) really interesting new gene (RING) domain signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) transcription co-regulator AR androgen receptor ARIP3 AR-interacting protein 3 Elk-1 ETS (E twenty-six)-like kinase 1 GR...

... these SUMOylations and their functions. E2 conjugating enzyme protein modification signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) SUMOylation-regulated phosphorylation Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation (UFDS) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9...

... motif (PDSM) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) transcription ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) A central way of diversifying protein function is through the post-translational addition or removal of chemical groups. Among these modifiers, Ubls (ubiquitin-like proteins) such as SUMO...

... The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 genome stability DNA replication proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) Srs2 yeast E1 ubiquitin- or SUMO-activating enzyme E2 ubiquitin- or SUMO-conjugating enzyme E3...

... E2 protein human papillomavirus (HPV) keratinocyte differentiation small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) SUMOylation viral protein Regulation of Protein Function by SUMO Modification: A Biochemical Society Focussed Meeting held at Manchester Conference Centre, Manchester, U.K., 25–27...

... system. 1 email [email protected] 9 7 2007 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 E1 activating enzyme elongin (Elo) Gam1 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) SUMOylation viral protein I thank all past and present...

... histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein–protein interaction small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) transcriptional activation transcriptional repression There is now substantial evidence for the involvement of SUMO modification in the regulation of gene expression [ 1 , 2 ]. From first principles...

... (PDSM) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) SUMOylation The SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) modification pathway shows many parallels with the ubiquitin pathway. Indeed, many of the pathway components show structural and functional homology (reviewed in [ 1 , 2...

... of transcription) 1]. De-SUMOylation is triggered by SENPs (SUMO-specific proteases). co-repressor histone deacetylase (HDAC) non-covalent interaction repression small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) specificity protein 3 (Sp3) Sp3 belongs to the Sp (specificity protein) family...

... Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 chain formation E3 ligase polymer small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) SUMOylation ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) The ubiquitin family includes SUMOs (small ubiquitin-related modifiers) that are used as post-translational...

...) pharyngeal muscle small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) T-box protein 2 (TBX-2) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) T-box transcription factors play essential roles in the development of all multicellular organisms, where their functions include cell fate specification and roles...

... the effects of activity changes in a key component of that pathway. Akt cytoprotection hibernation ischaemia oligaemia small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) Progression of cellular damage during acute brain ischaemia is multifactorial and complex [ 1 ]. Efforts to accurately model...