...B.W. McColl; S.M. Allan; N.J. Rothwell There is growing evidence that systemic inflammation is involved in multiple aspects of stroke aetiology and pathology. In the present review, we provide an overview of these roles and, in particular, outline recent evidence that the underlying systemic...

...A. Simi; N. Tsakiri; P. Wang; N.J. Rothwell Inflammation occurs rapidly in response to acute brain insults such as stroke, haemorrhage or trauma, and can be sustained for long periods of time, for example in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis. Experimental evidence indicates...

.... Alterations in the synthesis or breakdown of the ECM may contribute to disease processes. Here, we examine changes in the brain-specific CSPGs, brevican and phosphacan, following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, a model of stroke in the rat. We have investigated their expression at various time...

...W.-R. Schäbitz; M. Fisher After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according...

... the brain and nervous system. Preconditioning has been investigated in cell and animal models and recently been shown to potentially occur in human brain. Learning more about these powerful endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms could help identify new approaches to treat patients with stroke and other...

...M.D. Ginsberg; Y.Y. Palesch; M.D. Hill; for the ALIAS Trialists High-dose human ALB (albumin) therapy is highly neuroprotective in animal models of ischaemic stroke. A recently completed 82-subject pilot-phase dose-escalation trial has shown that ALB is safe, with strong preliminary suggestions...

...M. Schwaninger; I. Inta; O. Herrmann In acute stroke, neuronal apoptosis and inflammation are considered to be important mechanisms on the road to tissue loss and neurological deficit. Both apoptosis and inflammation depend on gene transcription. We have identified a signalling pathway...

...A.M. Planas; R. Gorina; Á. Chamorro Stroke causes neuronal necrosis and generates inflammation. Pro-inflammatory molecules intervene in this process by triggering glial cell activation and leucocyte infiltration to the injured tissue. Cytokines are major mediators of the inflammatory response. Pro...

...I.M. Macrae; H.V. Carswell Epidemiological studies point to a beneficial influence of the female reproductive hormones on stroke risk in that women have a lower incidence of stroke prior to the menopause compared with men, but this difference weakens with age and stroke risk in women rises after...