... decay neurodevelopmental disorders regulation of gene expression translation initiation Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by significant impairments in cognitive and adaptive abilities. ID belongs to the group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), which also encompasses autism...

... by Portland Press Limited 2015 infection inflammation interferons interleukins translation translation initiation Adequate reprogramming of metabolic activities under environmental stress is crucial for cell survival. Regulation at the level of translation provides the necessary plasticity...

... 2015 © 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited 2015 autism intellectual disability messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) export nonsense-mediated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) decay splicing translation initiation Brain development is a complex and delicate process...

... and survival of precursor cells partly through control of mRNA translation. General translation initiation mechanisms can selectively control translation of transcripts that carry specific structures in the UTRs. This selective mRNA translation is an important layer of gene expression regulation...

... e.c.anderson@warwick.ac.uk ) . 8 10 2014 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2015 Biochemical Society 2015 apoptosis internal ribosome entry site messenger RNA (mRNA) stability translation initiation upstream of N-ras (Unr) mitosis Unr [upstream of N-ras; also known as CSDE1...

...Anastasiia Kamenska; Clare Simpson; Nancy Standart The cap-binding translation initiation factor eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E) is central to protein synthesis in eukaryotes. As an integral component of eIF4F, a complex also containing the large bridging factor eIF4G and eIF4A RNA helicase...

...Christopher G. Proud mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) is activated by nutrients, growth factors and certain hormones. Signalling downstream of mTORC1 promotes protein synthesis by both activating the processes of translation initiation and elongation, in the short term...

...Anna La Teana; Dario Benelli; Paola Londei; Udo Bläsi The formation of the translation initiation complex represents the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. Translation initiation in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on several translation IFs (initiation factors), some of which...

... review, we summarize the impact of stress on translation initiation, highlighting both the similarities and distinctions between various stress responses. Finally, we speculate as to how yeast cells generate stress-responsive programmes of protein production when regulation is focused on the same steps...

... Sulfolobus solfataricus translation initiation Initiation is the opening step of protein synthesis, which largely controls its general rate and efficiency. The participants in the initiation reactions are the two ribosomal subunits, tRNA i (initiator tRNA) and a number of accessory proteins...

... to interact with host translation initiation factors or complexes and modify their activity and/or subcellular localization. The present review outlines current understanding of the role of eIF4F in the life cycle of various DNA viruses and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target to suppress viral...

... or maintenance of a cellular programme is mediated via an alternative form of translation initiation termed IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-mediated translation. This relies on the mRNA containing a complex cis -acting structural element in its 5'-UTR (untranslated region) that is able to recruit...

... translation initiation of HIV, including the determination of the initiation factors required, the dynamics of initiation complex assembly and the dynamics of the RNA structure during initiation complex formation. Finally, the ability of HIV genomic RNA to initiate translation through different pathways...

...Abigail L. Stevenson; Pedro P. Juanes; John E.G. McCarthy Eukaryotic translation initiation is an intricate process involving at least 11 formally classified eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors), which, together with the ribosome, comprise one of the largest molecular machines in the cell. Studying...

...Michael G. Acker; Jon R. Lorsch Decades of research have yielded significant insight into the mechanism by which a cell translates an mRNA into the encoded protein. However many of the molecular details of the process remain a mystery. Translation initiation is an important control point in gene...

...-activating proteins). Although G-proteins have structural similarity, GEFs are very diverse proteins. A complex example of this system is seen in eukaryotic translation initiation between eIF (eukaryotic initiation factor) 2, a G-protein, its five-subunit GEF, eIF2B, and its GAP, eIF5. eIF2 delivers Met-tRNA...

... and translation initiation factors, and focuses on the potential functions of localized translation initiation factors. That is, as genuine sites for translation initiation, as repositories for factors and mRNA, and as sites of regulation. Several studies have identified a more direct association of translation...

... growth factors results in an up-regulation of cap-dependent translation achieved by phosphorylation of a family of eIF4E-binding proteins known as 4E-BPs. Non-phosphorylated 4E-BPs repress translation initiation as they compete with eIF4G for eIF4E via a shared consensus eIF4E-binding motif, YXXXXLΦ...

...R.J. Jackson Of all the steps in mRNA translation, initiation is the one that differs most radically between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Not only is there no equivalent of the prokaryotic Shine–Dalgarno rRNA–mRNA interaction, but also what requires only three initiation factor proteins (aggregate...

... nervous system hypomyelination) or VWM (vanishing white matter disease). This review provides a general background to translation initiation and mechanisms known to control eIF2B function, before describing molecular genetic and biochemical analysis of eIF2B structure and function, integrating work from...

... decarboxylase translation initiation upstream open reading frame Abbreviations used: ORF, open reading frame; uORF, upstream ORF; AdoMetDC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; CPA1, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase; Met-tRNAi Met , initiator methionine tRNA; AAP, arginine attenuator peptide; GUS...