.... Emerging evidence suggests that post-translational modifications may play a key part in this process. Some of the post-translational modifications that have been identified to regulate ankyrins are phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and palmitoylation. These modifications affect proper interactions, function...

... mechanisms of highly dynamic cellular processes involving essential proteins. While systems for targeted protein degradation are available for research and therapeutics in animals, there are currently limited options in plant biology. Targeted protein degradation systems rely on target ubiquitination by E3...

... common genetic diseases among Caucasians. Most CF-associated mutations result in misfolded CFTR proteins that are degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) mechanism. However, the mutant CFTR reaching the PM through therapeutic agents is still ubiquitinated and degraded...

... recovery of checkpoints after stressors are resolved is also crucial for normal cell proliferation. The precise activation and inactivation of ATR–CHK1 signaling are usually efficiently regulated by turnover and the cellular re-localization of the adaptor protein CLASPIN. The ubiquitination–proteasome...

... to be of functional significance, in particular phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In this review, we discuss the molecular control of planar polarity and the molecular ecology of the core planar polarity intercellular complexes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of understanding the spatial control of post...

...Kamila Skieterska; Pieter Rondou; Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that targets proteins for degradation but can also regulate other cellular processes such as endocytosis, trafficking and DNA repair. We investigate ubiquitination of the dopamine D 4...

... on the UPS (ubiquitin–proteasome system) and the ALS (autophagy–lysosome system). In the present paper, we focus on the regulation of the degradation of tau by the UPS and ALS and its relation to tau aggregation. We anticipate that stimulation of these two protein-degradation systems might be a potential...

...Jogitha Selvarajah; Abdeladim Moumen The DDR (DNA damage response) is a signalling transduction cascade utilizing many forms of post-translation modification of proteins, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. The well-known function of ubiquitination is to target proteins for proteasomal...

...Kobi J. Simpson-Lavy; Yifat S. Oren; Oren Feine; Julia Sajman; Tammy Listovsky; Michael Brandeis The APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome) discovered exactly 15 years ago by Avram Heshko and Marc Kirschner is by far the most complex ubiquitin ligase discovered so far. The APC/C is composed...

... with Polζ (polymerase ζ) are responsible for TLS across different types of damage. Protein–protein interaction contributes significantly to the regulation of TLS. REV1 plays a central role in TLS because it interacts with all other Y-family members and Polζ. Ubiquitin-dependent regulatory mechanisms also...

... have shown that PLCγ1 (phospholipase Cγ1), a major signalling substrate of VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2), undergoes c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination. c-Cbl suppresses tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and with it VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced endothelial cell...

...David Komander Protein ubiquitination and protein phosphorylation are two fundamental regulatory post-translational modifications controlling intracellular signalling events. However, the ubiquitin system is vastly more complex compared with phosphorylation. This is due to the ability of ubiquitin...

... (BRCA1) DNA-damage response double-strand break Fanconi's anaemia homologous recombination ubiquitination BRCA1 is an important tumour-suppressor gene. Germline mutations in BRCA1 are present in nearly 50% of inherited breast cancer cases, and the acquisition of a single defective allele...

... of the small protein ubiquitin, to a target factor. The labile nature of some post-translational modifications puts obstacles in the path of attempting to detect modified species of most proteins. Indeed, ubiquitination can be rapidly reversed by the action of a large family of DUBs (deubiquitinating enzymes...

... involved in ubiquitin-mediated regulation of IRF activity and thus having an impact on type I IFN signalling. Through the ubiquitin pathway, these proteins can manipulate the antiviral response either by initiating proteasomal degradation of the IRFs or, in contrast, by promoting activation of the IRFs...

... components of a complex which dislocates the cycling import receptor Pex5p from the peroxisomal membrane back to the cytosol. This AAA-mediated process is regulated by the ubiquitination status of the receptor. Pex4p [Ubc10p (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 10)]-catalysed mono-ubiquitination of Pex5p primes...

...Hemmo Meyer; Oliver Popp The ubiquitin-dependent chaperone Cdc48 (cell divison cycle 48)/p97 is involved in a variety of degradative and regulatory processes during interphase that help to maintain cellular homoeostasis. The results available so far suggest that its basic activity is to mobilize...

... © The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) degradation diacylglycerol (DAG) enzyme lifespan internalization ubiquitination The PKC (protein kinase C) family of serine/threonine protein kinases is widely recognized...

... transmission from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Here, we describe the involvement of different types of ubiquitin modification in the regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected] ). 20 7 2007 © The Authors...

...S. Urbé; J. McCullough; P. Row; I.A. Prior; R. Welchman; M.J. Clague Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery...

...S.J. Wicks; T. Grocott; K. Haros; M. Maillard; P. ten Dijke; A. Chantry TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad transcription factors. An important regulatory step involves specific ubiquitination by Smurfs (Smad–ubiquitin...

... analyses of PtdSer transport are now revealing the role of specific protein and lipid assemblies on different organelles that regulate non-vesicular PtdSer transport. The transport of PtdSer from MAM to mitochondria is regulated by at least three genes: MET30 (encoding a ubiquitin ligase), MET4 (encoding...

... importance of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl and the adaptor molecule CIN85 (Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa) in the regulation of these pathways is discussed in detail. Abbreviations used: EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, EGF receptor; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; CIN85, Cbl-interacting protein of 85...

...P. van Kerkhof; G. J. Strous The growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) is a mammalian plasma membrane protein whose internalization is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. GH internalization and degradation are inhibited when cells are treated with proteasome inhibitors. Here we show...